Are human endogenous retroviruses triggers of autoimmune diseases? Unveiling associations of three diseases and viral loci

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• 作者：Bjørn A. Nexø ; Palle Villesen ; Kari K. Nissen ; Hanne M. Lindegaard…
• 关键词：Multiple sclerosis ; Type 1 diabetes mellitus ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Synergy ; Single nucleotide polymorphisms
• 刊名：Immunologic Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：64
• 期：1
• 页码：55-63
• 全文大小：455 KB
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• 作者单位：Bjørn A. Nexø (1)
  Palle Villesen (2)
  Kari K. Nissen (1)
  Hanne M. Lindegaard (3)
  Peter Rossing (4) (5) (6)
  Thor Petersen (7)
  Lise Tarnow (4) (6) (8)
  Bettina Hansen (1)
  Tove Lorenzen (9)
  Kim Hørslev-Petersen (10)
  Sara B. Jensen (1)
  Shervin Bahrami (11)
  Maria Lajer (4)
  Kathrine L. M. Schmidt (1)
  Hans-Henrik Parving (12)
  Peter Junker (3)
  Magdalena J. Laska (1)
  
  1. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle’ 6, 8000, Århus C, Denmark
  2. Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000, Århus C, Denmark
  3. Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
  4. Steno Diabetes Center, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
  5. NNF CBMR, University of Copenhagen, 1017, Copenhagen, Denmark
  6. Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Århus C, Denmark
  7. Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000, Århus C, Denmark
  8. Nordsjaellands Hospital, 3400, Hillerod, Denmark
  9. Department of Rheumatology, Vejle Hospital, 71000, Vejle, Denmark
  10. King Christian 10th Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 6300, Graasten, Denmark
  11. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Århus C, Denmark
  12. Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1017, Copenhagen, Denmark
  
• 刊物主题：Allergology; Immunology; Medicine/Public Health, general; Internal Medicine;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1559-0755

文摘

Autoimmune diseases encompass a plethora of conditions in which the immune system attacks its own tissue, identifying them as foreign. Multiple factors are thought to contribute to the development of immune response to self, including differences in genotypes, hormonal milieu, and environmental factors. Viruses including human endogenous retroviruses have long been linked to the occurrence of autoimmunity, but never proven to be causative factors. Endogenous viruses are retroviral sequences embedded in the host germline DNA and transmitted vertically through successive generations in a Mendelian manner. In this study by means of genetic epidemiology, we have searched for the involvement of endogenous retroviruses in three selected autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. We found that at least one human endogenous retroviral locus was associated with each of the three diseases. Although there was a significant overlap, most loci only occurred in one of the studied disease. Remarkably, within each disease, there was a statistical interaction (synergy) between two loci. Additional synergy between retroviral loci and human lymphocyte antigens is reported for multiple sclerosis. We speculate the possibility that recombinants or mixed viral particles are formed and that the resulting viruses stimulate the innate immune system, thereby initiating the autoimmune response. Keywords Multiple sclerosis Type 1 diabetes mellitus Rheumatoid arthritis Synergy Single nucleotide polymorphisms