The spatial variability of ice-jam bank morphologies along the Mistassini River (Quebec, Canada): an indicator of the ice-jam regime?

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• 作者：Stephanie Morin ; Etienne Boucher ; Thomas Buffin-Belanger
• 关键词：Ice ; jam dynamic ; Ice ; jam geomorphological features ; Recurrence rate ; Magnitude ; Risk management ; Dendrochronology
• 刊名：Natural Hazards
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：July 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：77
• 期：3
• 页码：2117-2138
• 全文大小：2,452 KB
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• 作者单位：Stephanie Morin (1)
  Etienne Boucher (1)
  Thomas Buffin-Belanger (2)
  
  1. Département de géographie, GEOTOP-UQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, Succ.Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
  2. Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, CEN-UQAR, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300, allées des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Hydrogeology
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Geotechnical Engineering
  Civil Engineering
  Environmental Management
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0840

文摘

This study aims to investigate ice-jam regimes on the Mistassini River by analyzing the impacts of ice-jams on riverbank morphologies and ecosystems. The Mistassini River experienced severe ice-jams in May 2011, which caused the destruction of 20 riverside houses. Geomorphological and ecological descriptions of riverbanks helped identify and spatialize ice impacts along four sections of the river with contrasted morphologies: meanders, linear with islands, linear, and sinuous. Channel characteristics were investigated to document the typical spatial context in which ice-impact features dominate on the Mistassini River. In each section, ice-jam frequencies and magnitude were determined through the dendrochronological analysis of ice scars found on riparian trees. Our results show that ice-impacted banks are characterized by a two-level structure separated by a steep (average slope?=?25?%) and irregular talus overlaid by freshly deposited alluvia. Those banks are colonized by abundant shrubs and few trees, both presenting numerous ice scars. This bank type forms during severe eroding events where the ice flood reaches levels that are much higher than bankfull. Most ice-impacted banks tend to occur in two preferential hydro-geomorphological contexts: (1) a downstream increase in the flow area and width–depth ratio within a mild slope channel; (2) a sudden narrowing in an entrenched channel. We finally show that the proportion of two-level banks increases in the downstream direction as ice-jam frequencies decrease and magnitudes increase. These results suggest that ice-impact features are more likely to be formed in the downstream sections, due to ice-jam higher level of magnitude.