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- 作者:Katarzyna Konieczka (1)
Robert Ritch (2) Carlo Enrico Traverso (3) Dong Myung Kim (4) Michael Scott Kook (5) Augusto Gallino (6) Olga Golubnitschaja (7) Carl Erb (8) Herbert A Reitsamer (9) Teruyo Kida (10) Natalia Kurysheva (11) Ke Yao (12)
1. Department of Ophthalmology ; University of Basel ; Mittlere Strasse 91 ; 4031 ; Basel ; Switzerland 2. Einhorn Clinical Research Center ; New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai ; New York ; NY ; 10003 ; USA 3. Clinica Oculistica ; Di.N.O.G.M.I. ; University of Genova ; 16132 ; Genova ; Italy 4. Department of Ophthalmology ; Seoul National University ; Seoul ; 110-744 ; Korea 5. Department of Ophthalmology ; University of Ulsan ; Seoul ; 680-749 ; Korea 6. Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology ; Ospedale San Giovanni ; 6500 ; Bellinzona ; Switzerland 7. Department of Radiology ; Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn ; 53113 ; Bonn ; Germany 8. Eye Clinic Wittenbergplatz ; 10789 ; Berlin ; Germany 9. Department of Ophthalmology ; SALK/Paracelsus Medical University ; 5020 ; Salzburg ; Austria 10. Department of Ophthalmology ; Osaka Medical College ; Takatsuki ; 569-8686 ; Japan 11. Department of Diagnostic and Glaucoma ; University of Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation ; 105077 ; Moscow ; Russian Federation 12. Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital ; Zhejiang University College of Medicine ; Hangzhou ; 310009 ; China
- 关键词:Flammer syndrome ; Primary vascular dysregulation ; Vasospasm ; Cold extremities ; Systemic hypotension ; Normal tension glaucoma ; Tinnitus ; Optic disc hemorrhages ; Retinal vein occlusion ; Predictive preventive personalized medicine
- 刊名:The EPMA Journal
- 出版年:2014
- 出版时间:December 2014
- 年:2014
- 卷:5
- 期:1
- 全文大小:313 KB
- 参考文献:1. Konieczka, K, Fr盲nkl, S (2013) Prim盲re vaskul盲re Dysregulation und Glaukom [Primary vascular dysregulation and glaucoma]. Z Prakt Augenheilkd 34: pp. 207-215
2. Konieczka, K, Frankl, S, Todorova, MG, Henrich, PB (2014) Unstable oxygen supply and glaucoma. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 231: pp. 121-126 CrossRef 3. Konieczka, K, Choi, HJ, Koch, S, Schoetzau, A, K眉enzi, D, Kim, DM (2014) Frequency of symptoms and signs of primary vascular dysregulation in Swiss and Korean populations. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 231: pp. 344-7 CrossRef 4. Br盲hler, E, Hoefert, H-W (2014) Lexikon der Modernen Krankheiten. Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 5. Saner, H, Wurbel, H, Mahler, F, Flammer, J, Gasser, P (1987) Microvasculatory evaluation of vasospastic syndromes. Adv Exp Med Bio 220: pp. 215-218 6. Flammer, J, Konieczka, K, Flammer, AJ (2013) The primary vascular dysregulation syndrome: implications for eye diseases. EPMA J 4: pp. 14 CrossRef 7. Flammer, J, Konieczka, K, Bruno, RM, Virdis, A, Flammer, AJ, Taddei, S (2013) The eye and the heart. Eur Heart J 34: pp. 1270-1278 CrossRef 8. Flammer, J (2009) Glaukom. 3, 眉berarbeitete Auflage ed. Bern, Hans Huber Verlag 9. Flammer, J, Mozaffarieh, M, Bebie, H (2013) Basic Sciences in Ophthalmology鈥擯hysics and Chemistry. Springer, Heidelberg CrossRef 10. Mozaffarieh, M, Flammer, J (2009) Pocket Reference to Ocular Blood Flow and Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy. Springer, Heidelberg CrossRef 11. Flammer, J (1994) The vascular concept of glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 38: pp. S3-S6 CrossRef 12. Flammer, J, Pache, M, Resink, T (2001) Vasospasm, its role in the pathogenesis of diseases with particular reference to the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 20: pp. 319-349 CrossRef 13. Lekakis, J, Abraham, P, Balbarini, A, Blann, A, Boulanger, CM, Cockcroft, J, Cosentino, F, Deanfield, J, Gallino, A, Ikonomidis, I, Kremastinos, D, Landmesser, U, Protogerou, A, Stefanadis, C, Tousoulis, D, Vassalli, G, Vink, H, Werner, N, Wilkinson, I, Vlachopoulos, C (2011) Methods for evaluating endothelial function: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Peripheral Circulation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev R 18: pp. 775-789 CrossRef 14. Camici, PG, Crea, F (2007) Coronary microvascular dysfunction. New Engl J Med 356: pp. 830-840 CrossRef 15. Delaney, Y, Walshe, TE, O'Brien, C (2006) Vasospasm in glaucoma: clinical and laboratory aspects. Optometry Vision Sci 83: pp. 406-414 CrossRef 16. Choi, J, Jeong, J, Cho, HS, Kook, MS (2006) Effect of nocturnal blood pressure reduction on circadian fluctuation of mean ocular perfusion pressure: a risk factor for normal tension glaucoma. Inv Ophth Vis Sci 47: pp. 831-836 CrossRef 17. Choi, J, Kim, KH, Jeong, J, Cho, HS, Lee, CH, Kook, MS (2007) Circadian fluctuation of mean ocular perfusion pressure is a consistent risk factor for normal-tension glaucoma. Invest Ophth Vis Sci 48: pp. 104-111 CrossRef 18. Choi, J, Lee, JR, Lee, Y, Lee, KS, Na, JH, Han, S, Kook, MS (2013) Relationship between 24-hour mean ocular perfusion pressure fluctuation and rate of paracentral visual field progression in normal-tension glaucoma. Invest Ophth Vis Sci 54: pp. 6150-6157 CrossRef 19. Yeghiazaryan, K, Flammer, J, Golubnitschaja, O (2010) Predictive molecular profiling in blood of healthy vasospastic individuals: clue to targeted prevention as personalised medicine to effective costs. EPMA J 1: pp. 263-272 CrossRef 20. Mozaffarieh, M, Konieczka, K, Flammer, J (2010) Calcium channel blockers: their use in normal tension glaucoma. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 5: pp. 9 CrossRef 21. Golubnitschaja, O, Yeghiazaryan, K, Flammer, J Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: risk assessment and potential targets for effective prevention and treatments tailored to the patient. In: Mandel, S eds. (2013) Neurodegenerative Diseases: Integrative PPPM Approach as the Medicine of the Future. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 187-201
- 刊物主题:Biomedicine general; Medicine/Public Health, general;
- 出版者:BioMed Central
- ISSN:1878-5085
文摘
The new term Flammer syndrome describes a phenotype characterized by the presence of primary vascular dysregulation together with a cluster of symptoms and signs that may occur in healthy people as well as people with disease. Typically, the blood vessels of the subjects with Flammer syndrome react differently to a number of stimuli, such as cold and physical or emotional stress. Nearly all organs, particularly the eye, can be involved. Although the syndrome has some advantages, such as protection against the development of atherosclerosis, Flammer syndrome also contributes to certain diseases, such as normal tension glaucoma. The syndrome occurs more often in women than in men, in slender people than in obese subjects, in people with indoor rather than outdoor jobs, and in academics than in blue collar workers. Affected subjects tend to have cold extremities, low blood pressure, prolonged sleep onset time, shifted circadian rhythm, reduced feeling of thirst, altered drug sensitivity, and increased general sensitivity, including pain sensitivity. The plasma level of endothelin-1 is slightly increased, and the gene expression in lymphocytes is changed. In the eye, the retinal vessels are stiffer and their spatial variability larger; the autoregulation of ocular blood flow is decreased. Glaucoma patients with Flammer syndrome have an increased frequency of the following: optic disc hemorrhages, activated retinal astrocytes, elevated retinal venous pressure, optic nerve compartmentalization, fluctuating diffuse visual field defects, and elevated oxidative stress. Further research should lead to a more concise definition, a precise diagnosis, and tools for recognizing people at risk. This may ultimately lead to more efficient and more personalized treatment.
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