Geology, alteration, and lithogeochemistry of the Hood volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, Nunavut, Canada

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• 作者：Hannah K. Mills ; Stephen J. Piercey ; Trish Toole
• 关键词：Volcanogenic massive sulfide ; Archean ; Petrogenesis ; Slave Craton
• 刊名：Mineralium Deposita
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：51
• 期：4
• 页码：533-556
• 全文大小：9,741 KB
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• 作者单位：Hannah K. Mills (1)
  Stephen J. Piercey (1)
  Trish Toole (2)
  
  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada
  2. MMG Resources Inc., Vancouver, Canada
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geology
  Mineral Resources
  Mineralogy
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1866

文摘

The Hood volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are hosted by the ~2.68 Ga Amooga Booga volcanic belt (ABVB) in the northwestern Archaen Slave Craton and consist of three deposits (Hood 10, 41, and 41A) and three occurrences (46, 461, and 462). The mineralized zones consist of massive to semi-massive pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena hosted predominantly by felsic volcanic flows within the predominantly mafic ABVB. The mineralized lenses occur at different stratigraphic levels and have textural, alteration, and stratigraphic features consistent with formation via subseafloor replacement. The felsic volcanic rocks in the Hood deposits can be subdivided into groups based on immobile trace element geochemistry. The main felsic types (A and B) are petrographically indistinguishable. Type A has higher high field strength element (HSFE) and rare earth element (REE) contents than type B, suggesting a higher temperature of formation. Type A rocks also have higher Nb/Ta values indicative of a greater mantle input in their genesis compared to type B rocks. Mineralization is more closely associated with type A than type B rocks. The two mafic volcanic rock types previously identified in the ABVB, type I and type II, both occur within the Hood deposits. The type II mafic group is interpreted to be the result of variable crustal contamination of type I magma. The volcanic rocks of the ABVB are interpreted to have formed in a continental margin arc/back-arc setting. The genesis of these magmatic suites involved magmatic underplating and emplacement through pre-existing sialic basement that resulted in crustal melting, mantle-crust mixing, and contamination leading to the aforementioned geochemical features in both mafic and felsic suites. This type of extensional tectonic environment was likely associated with high heat flow and is similar to global VMS environments proximal to extending continental margins (e.g., Sturgeon Lake, Bathurst, and Finlayson Lake). The similarities of the ABVB to other Slave Craton greenstone belts further highlights the overall potential for greenstone-hosted VMS mineralization in the Slave Craton. Chlorite-sericite (+/− quartz) is the dominant hydrothermal alteration assemblage in the Hood deposits and is typical of VMS-style mineralization. Mass change calculations illustrate that elemental changes are typical of VMS environments with gains in Fe₂O₃, MgO, and base metals associated with chlorite alteration near mineralized zones; K₂O gains associated with sericite alteration; and losses of Na₂O in both alteration types.