Lead exposure affects health indices in free-ranging ducks in Argentina

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• 作者：Hebe Ferreyra (1)
  Pablo M. Beldomenico (2)
  Krysten Marchese (3)
  Marcelo Romano (4)
  Andrea Caselli (1) (5)
  Ana I. Correa (2)
  Marcela Uhart (1) (5) (6)
  
  1. Global Health Program ; Wildlife Conservation Society ; Amen谩bar 1595 ; 1426 ; Buenos Aires ; Argentina
  2. Laboratorio de Ecolog铆a de Enfermedades ; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET LITORAL) ; Universidad Nacional del Litoral 鈥?Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas ; 3080 ; Esperanza ; Santa Fe ; Argentina
  3. Bronx Zoo ; Wildlife Conservation Society ; Bronx ; NY ; 10460 ; USA
  4. Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ambiente (ECOSUR) ; 2000 ; Rosario ; Santa Fe ; Argentina
  5. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias ; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires ; 7000 ; Tandil ; Buenos Aires ; Argentina
  6. One Health Institute ; School of Veterinary Medicine ; University of California ; Davis ; Davis ; CA ; 95616 ; USA
  
• 关键词：Argentina ; Effects ; Health ; Hunting ; Lead shot ; Waterfowl ; Wetlands
• 刊名：Ecotoxicology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：May 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：24
• 期：4
• 页码：735-745
• 全文大小：473 KB
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• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  Ecology
  Environmental Management
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-3017

文摘

Numerous experiments under controlled conditions and extensive investigation of waterfowl die-offs have demonstrated that exposure to lead from spent gunshot is highly detrimental to the health of waterfowl. However, few studies have focused on examining the more subtle sub-lethal effects of lead toxicity on ducks in non-experimental settings. In our study, the health of ducks exposed to varying amounts of lead under natural conditions was assessed by correlating individual lead exposure with relevant indices of health. Based on hunter-killed wild ducks in Argentina, we measured spleen mass, body condition, examined bone marrow smears, and determined Ca and P in bone tissue. In free-ranging live-trapped ducks we determined basic hematology and aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity. Using multivariate analyses, we found that, when controlling for the potential confounding effect of site type, year, duck species, body mass and age, lead levels in the liver were negatively associated with body condition and spleen mass. Spleen mass was also lower in ducks with higher lead levels in their bones. In live ducks, high blood lead levels were associated with low packed cell volume and red cell morphologic abnormalities. These findings suggest that, despite the lack of recorded lead-induced mortality in the region, lead exposure results in less conspicuous but still significant impacts on the health of ducks, which could have serious implications for their conservation. Moreover, this evidence further supports the need for urgently banning lead shot in the region.