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Mitochondrial sequences reveal a clear separation between Angolan and South African giraffe along a cryptic rift valley
- 作者：Friederike Bock (1)
Julian Fennessy (2) (3)
Tobias Bidon (1)
Andy Tutchings (2)
Andri Marais (2)
Francois Deacon (2) (4)
Axel Janke (1) (5)
1. Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) 鈥?Ecological Genomics & Senckenberg Gesellschaft f眉r Naturforschung (SGN) ; Senckenberganlage 25 ; 60325 ; Frankfurt am Main ; Germany
2. Giraffe Conservation Foundation ; 26 Grasmere Road ; Purley ; Surrey ; CR8 1DU ; England
3. School of Biological Earth and Environmental Studies (BEES) ; University of New South Wales (UNSW) ; Sydney ; New South Wales ; 2052 ; Australia
4. Department Animal ; Wildlife & Grassland Science ; University of Free State ; Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences ; Bloemfontein ; South Africa
5. Goethe University Frankfurt ; Institute for Ecology ; Evolution & Diversity ; Biologicum ; Max-von-Laue-Stra脽e 13 ; 60439 ; Frankfurt am Main ; Germany
- 关键词：Giraffa ; Angolan giraffe ; South African giraffe ; Population genetics ; Botswana ; Namibia ; Phylogeny ; mtDNA
- 刊名：BMC Evolutionary Biology
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：December 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：14
- 期：1
- 全文大小：1,201 KB
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- 刊物主题：Evolutionary Biology; Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Entomology; Genetics and Population Dynamics; Life Sciences, general;
- 出版者：BioMed Central
- ISSN：1471-2148
文摘
Background The current taxonomy of the African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is primarily based on pelage pattern and geographic distribution, and nine subspecies are currently recognized. Although genetic studies have been conducted, their resolution is low, mainly due to limited sampling. Detailed knowledge about the genetic variation and phylogeography of the South African giraffe (G. c. giraffa) and the Angolan giraffe (G. c. angolensis) is lacking. We investigate genetic variation among giraffe matrilines by increased sampling, with a focus on giraffe key areas in southern Africa. Results The 1,562 nucleotides long mitochondrial DNA dataset (cytochrome b and partial control region) comprises 138 parsimony informative sites among 161 giraffe individuals from eight populations. We additionally included two okapis as an outgroup. The analyses of the maternally inherited sequences reveal a deep divergence between northern and southern giraffe populations in Africa, and a general pattern of distinct matrilineal clades corresponding to their geographic distribution. Divergence time estimates among giraffe populations place the deepest splits at several hundred thousand years ago. Conclusions Our increased sampling in southern Africa suggests that the distribution ranges of the Angolan and South African giraffe need to be redefined. Knowledge about the phylogeography and genetic variation of these two maternal lineages is crucial for the development of appropriate management strategies.
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