Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

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• 作者：Xiaolu Zhang ; Hongwei Yang ; Xiaofeng Wang…
• 关键词：disinfection by ; products (DBPs) ; swimming pool ; correlation ; total organic carbon (TOC) ; chlorine residual ; bather load
• 刊名：Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：9
• 期：6
• 页码：995-1003
• 全文大小：275 KB
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• 作者单位：Xiaolu Zhang (1)
  Hongwei Yang (1)
  Xiaofeng Wang (1)
  Yu Zhao (1)
  Xiaomao Wang (1)
  Yuefeng Xie (1) (2)
  
  1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
  2. Civil and Environmental Engineering Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
  
• 刊物主题：Environment, general;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：2095-221X

文摘

Swimming has become a popular exercising and recreational activity in China but little is known about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentration levels in the pools. This study was conducted as a survey of the DBPs in China swimming pools, and to establish the correlations between the DBP concentrations and the pool water quality parameters. A total of 14 public indoor and outdoor pools in Beijing were included in the survey. Results showed that the median concentrations for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), nine haloacetic acids (HAA9), chloral hydrate (CH), four haloacetonitriles (HAN4), 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane were 33.8, 109.1, 30.1, 3.2, 0.3, 0.6 μg·L? and below detection limit, respectively. The TTHM and HAA9 levels were in the same magnitude of that in many regions of the world. The levels of CH and nitrogenous DBPs were greatly higher than and were comparable to that in typical drinking water, respectively. Disinfection by chlorine dioxide or trichloroisocyanuric acid could substantially lower the DBP levels. The outdoor pools had higher TTHM and HAA9 levels, but lower trihaloacetic acids (THAA) levels than the indoor pools. The TTHM and HAA9 concentrations could be moderately correlated with the free chlorine and total chlorine residuals but not with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. When the DBP concentration levels from other survey studies were also included for statistical analysis, a good correlation could be established between the TTHM levels and the TOC concentration. The influence of chlorine residual on DBP levels could also be significant. Keywords disinfection by-products (DBPs) swimming pool correlation total organic carbon (TOC) chlorine residual bather load