Genetic variation of stem characters in wheat and their relation to kernel weight under drought and heat stresses

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• 作者：Ahmed Sallam ; Mervat Hashad ; El-Sayed Hamed…
• 关键词：abiotic stresses ; genetic variation ; stem characters ; yield components ; wheat
• 刊名：Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：September 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：18
• 期：3
• 页码：137-146
• 全文大小：433 KB
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• 作者单位：Ahmed Sallam (1)
  Mervat Hashad (1)
  El-Sayed Hamed (1)
  Mohamed Omara (1)
  
  1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt
  
• 刊物主题：Plant Sciences; Plant Genetics & Genomics; Plant Pathology; Plant Physiology; Biotechnology;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：2005-8276

文摘

The frequency, duration, and severity of heat and drought stresses singly or in combination can be aggravated by climate change. Under these stresses, the stored carbohydrates in stems play an important role in grain filling in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) post-anthesis. This study examines the genetic variation of stem characters in wheat and their role in supporting grain weight under favorable and drought, combined drought, and heat conditions. Field experiments were conducted with seven spring wheat genotypes along with their F₁ and F₂ progenies. Stem diameter (SD), stem density (SDN), and stem weight (SW) were measured in 21 F₁ (half-diallel analysis) and 12 F₂ (3 x 4 North Carolina Design II) crosses. Among stem characters, SD was significantly correlated with thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield per spike (GYPS) in all environments in F₁ and F₂. All characters showed high heritability estimates. For stem characters, the highest heritability was found for SD in both generations. High positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found between stem characters and both TKW and GYPS. The correlation between reductions due to stress (%) in stem characters and reduction due to stress in TKW and GYPS confirmed the strong relationships between stem characters and yield attributes in the stressed environments. We conclude that stem characters, especially SD, may play an important role in sustaining grain filling under such conditions. This is possibly due to a greater stem capacity for assimilates storage post-anthesis and subsequent remobilization to the grains. Keywords abiotic stresses genetic variation stem characters yield components wheat