Delineation of Culicoides species by morphology and barcode exemplified by three new species of the subgenus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Scandinavia

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• 作者：Soren Achim Nielsen ; Michael Kristensen
• 关键词：Culicoides ; COI ; DNA barcodes ; Morphology ; Taxonomy ; Bluetongue virus
• 刊名：Parasites & Vectors
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：8
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1,029 KB
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  2. Nielsen, SA, Nielsen, BO, Chirico, J (2010) Monitoring of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides Latreille) on farms in Sweden during the emergence of the 2008 epidemic of bluetongue. Parasitol Res 106: pp. 1197-203 CrossRef
  3. Ander, M, Meiswinkel, R, Chirico, J (2012) Seasonal dynamics of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the potential vectors of bluetongue virus in Sweden. Vet Parasitol 184: pp. 59-67 CrossRef
  4. Ramilo, D, Diaz, S, Pereira, FI, Delécolle, JC, Wilson, A, Meireles, J (2012) First report of 13 species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in mainland Portugal and Azores by morphological and molecular characterization. PlosOne 7: pp. e34896 CrossRef
  5. Pagès, N, Mu?oz-Mu?oz, F, Talavera, S, Sarto, V, Lorca, C, Nú?ez, JI (2009) Identification of cryptic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the subgenus Culicoides and development of species-specific PCR assays based on barcode regions. Vet Parasitol 165: pp. 298-310 CrossRef
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  9. Lassen, SB, Nielsen, SA, Skovgaard, H, Kristensen, M (2012) Molecular differentiation of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the subgenus Culicoides Latreille in Denmark. Parasitol Res 110: pp. 1765-71 CrossRef
  10. Lassen, SB, Nielsen, SA, Kristensen, M (2012) Identity and diversity of blood meal hosts of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides Latreille) in Denmark. Parasit Vectors 5: pp. 143 CrossRef
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  13. Lassen, SB, Nielsen, SA, Skovgaard, H, Kristensen, M (2011) Molecular identification of bloodmeals from biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides Latreille) in Denmark. Parasitol Res 108: pp. 823-9 CrossRef
  14. Borkent A: The subgeneric classification of species of Culicoides - thoughts and a warning, 2014, available at: http://wwx.inhs.illinois.edu/files/9613/9136/7590/CulicoidesSubgenera.pdf. Royal British Columbia Museum, American Museum of Natural History and Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Salmon Arm, British Columbia, Canada.
  15. Borkent A: World species of biting midges (Diptera: Cerato
• 刊物主题：Parasitology; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine; Entomology;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1756-3305

文摘

Background Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) cause biting nuisance to livestock and humans and are vectors of a range of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Despite their economic significance, the delineation and identification of species where only morphology is considered, as well as the evolutionary relationships between species within this genus remains problematic. In recent years molecular barcoding has assisted substantially in the identification of biting midges in the multiple entomological survey projects which were initiated in many European countries following the bluetongue outbreak in 2006-009. These studies revealed potentially new species and “species-complexes-with large genetic and morphological variability. Here we use molecular barcoding, together with morphological analysis, to study subgenus Culicoides Latreille from Scandinavia with focus on three potentially new species. Methods Biting midges were collected at various sites in Denmark and Sweden. Culicoides specimens were described by variation of a fragment of their cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence and wing, palp and antennal characters. Results It is shown that three new species initially separated by DNA barcoding with mitochondrial COI can be distinguished by morphological characters. In this context a key to Scandinavian subgenus Culicoides using wing and maxillary palp characters is presented. The key is including the three new species Culicoides boyi, Culicoides selandicus and Culicoides kalix. Conclusion Three new species of Culicoides biting midges were identified and could be identified by both molecular and morphological differences. Evaluation of differences between and within taxa of biting midges using COI barcode yielded a rough estimate of species delineation; interspecies differences across Culicoides subgenera approaches 20%, whereas intraspecies differences are below 4% and in most cases below 1%.