Clinical case presentation and a review of the literature of canine onchocercosis by Onchocerca lupi in the United States

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• 作者：Domenico Otranto (1)
  Alessio Giannelli (1)
  Nicole Scotty Trumble (2)
  Matt Chavkin (3)
  Gavin Kennard (4)
  Maria Stefania Latrofa (1)
  Dwight D Bowman (5)
  Filipe Dantas-Torres (1) (6)
  Mark L Eberhard (7)
  
  1. Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria ; Universit脿 degli Studi di Bari ; Valenzano ; Bari ; Italy
  2. BluePearl Veterinary Partners ; Eden Prairie ; Minnesota ; USA
  3. VRCC Animal Eye Specialists ; Englewood ; Colorado ; USA
  4. Albuquerque Practice ; Albuquerque ; New Mexico ; USA
  5. Cornell University ; Ithaca ; New York ; USA
  6. Departamento de Imunologia ; Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalh茫es (Fiocruz-PE) ; Recife ; Pernambuco ; Brazil
  7. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria ; Centres for Disease Control and Prevention ; Atlanta ; Georgia ; USA
  
• 关键词：Onchocerca lupi ; Canine onchocercosis ; Zoonosis ; United States ; Clinical presentation
• 刊名：Parasites & Vectors
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：8
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2,419 KB
• 参考文献：1. Orihel, TC, Eberhard, ML (1998) Zoonotic filariasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 11: pp. 366-81
  2. CDC Global health (2013). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/. Accessed 14 June 2013.
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  4. Otranto, D, Dantas-Torres, F, Brianti, E, Traversa, D, Petri膰, D, Genchi, C (2013) Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe. Parasit Vectors 6: pp. 16 CrossRef
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  11. Otranto, D, Dantas-Torres, F, Giannelli, A, Latrofa, MS, Papadopoulos, E, Cardoso, L (2013) Zoonotic Onchocerca lupi infection in dogs, Greece and Portugal, 2011鈥?012. Emerg Infect Dis 19: pp. 2000-3 CrossRef
  12. Zarfoss, MK, Dubielzig, RR, Eberhard, ML, Schmidt, KS (2005) Canine ocular onchocerciasis in the United States: two new cases and a review of the literature. Vet Ophthalmol 8: pp. 51-7 CrossRef
  13. Franchini, D, Giannelli, A, Paola, G, Cortes, H, Cardoso, L, Lia, RP (2013) Image diagnosis of zoonotic onchocercosis by Onchocerca lupi. Vet Parasitol 203: pp. 91-5 CrossRef
  14. Komnenou, A, Eberhard, ML, Kaldrymidou, E, Tsalie, E, Dessiris, A (2002) Subconjunctival filariasis due to Onchocerca sp. in dogs: report of 23 cases in Greece. Vet Ophthalmol 5: pp. 119-26 CrossRef
  15. Komnenou, A, Egyed, Z, Sr茅ter, T, Eberhard, ML (2003) Canine onchocercosis in Greece: report of further 20 cases and molecular characterization of the parasite and its Wolbachia endosymbiont. Vet Parasitol 118: pp. 151-5 CrossRef
  16. Otranto, D, Dantas-Torres, F, Giannelli, A, Abramo, F, Ignjatovi膰 膯upina, A, Petri膰, D (2013) Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: pp. e2585 CrossRef
  17. Orihel, TC, Ash, LR, Holshuh, HJ, Santenelli, S (1991) Onchocerciasis in a California dog. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: pp. 513-7
  18. Gardiner, CH, Dick, EJ, Meininger, AC, Lozano-Alarc贸n, F, Jackson, P (1993) Onchocerciasis in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203: pp. 828-30
  19. Eberhard, ML, Ortega, Y, Dial, S, Schiller, CA, Sears, AW, Greiner, E (2000) Ocular Onchocerca infections in two dogs in western United States. Vet Parasitol 90: pp. 333-8 CrossRef
  20. Labelle, AL, Maddox, CW, Daniels, JB, Lanka, S, Eggett, TE, Dubielzig, RR (2013) Canine ocular onchocercosis in the United States is associated with Onchocerca lupi. Vet Parasitol 193: pp. 297-301 CrossRef
  21. Eberhard, ML, Ostovar, GA, Chundu, K, Hobohm, D, Feiz-Erfan, I, Mathison, BA (2013) Zoonotic Onchocerca lupi infection in a 22-month-old child in Arizona: first report in the United States and a review of the literature. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: pp. 601-5 CrossRef
  22. Otranto, D, Sakru, N, Testini, G, G眉rl眉, VP, Yakar, K, Lia, RP (2011) Case report: First evidence of human zoonotic infection by Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida, Onchocercidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: pp. 55-8 CrossRef
  23. Otranto, D, Dantas-Torres, F, Cebeci, Z, Yeniad, B, Buyukbabani, N, Boral, OB (2012) Human ocular filariasis: further evidence on the zoonotic role of Onchocerca lupi. Parasit Vectors 5: pp. 84 CrossRef
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  26. Otranto D, Giannelli A, Latrofa MS, Dantas-Torres F, Scotty Trumble N, Chavkin M, et al. Canine Infections with / Onchocerca lupi Nematodes, United States, 2011鈥?014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 (accepted for publication).
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  28. Giannelli, A, Cantacessi, C, Graves, P, Becker, L, Campbell, BE, Dantas-Torres, F (2014) A preliminary investigation of serological tools for the detection of Onchocerca lupi infection in dogs. Parasitol Res 113: pp. 1989-91 CrossRef
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• 刊物主题：Parasitology; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine; Entomology;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1756-3305

文摘

Background Onchocerca lupi, a filarioid of zoonotic concern, infects dogs and cats causing ocular lesions of different degrees, from minor to severe. However, infected animals do not always display overt clinical signs, rendering the diagnosis of the infection obscure to the majority of veterinarians. Canine onchocercosis has been reported in the Old World and the information on its occurrence in the United States, as well as its pathogenesis and clinical management is still meagre. This study reports on the largest case series of O. lupi infection from the United States and reviews previous cases of canine onchocercosis in this country. Methods Information on the clinical history of a series of eight cases of O. lupi infection in dogs diagnosed in Minnesota, New Mexico, Colorado and Florida, from 2011 to 2014, was obtained from clinical records provided the veterinary practitioners. Nematodes were morphologically identified at species level and genetically analyzed. Results All dogs displayed a similar clinical presentation, including subconjunctival and episcleral nodules, which were surgically removed. Each dog was subjected to post-operative therapy. Whitish filaria-like parasites were morphologically and molecularly identified as O. lupi. Conclusions This study confirms that O. lupi is endemic in the United States, indicating that the distribution of the infection is probably wider than previously thought. With effect, further studies are urgently needed in order to improve the diagnosis and to assess the efficacy of therapeutic protocols, targeting the parasite itself and/or its endosymbionts.