Reconstruction of Solar Subsurfaces by Local Helioseismology

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Reconstruction of Solar Subsurfaces by Local Helioseismology

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刊名：Lecture Notes in Physics
出版年：2016
出版时间：2016
年：2016
卷：914
期：1
页码：25-41
全文大小：1,786 KB
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作者单位：Alexander G. Kosovichev (17) (18)
Junwei Zhao (17) (18)

17. New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
18. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 95305, USA
丛书名：Cartography of the Sun and the Stars
ISBN：978-3-319-24151-7
刊物类别：Physics and Astronomy
刊物主题：Physics
Mathematical Methods in Physics
Mathematical and Computational Physics
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Plasmas
Relativity and Cosmology
Extraterrestrial Physics and Space Sciences
Condensed Matter
出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN：1616-6361

文摘

Local helioseismology has opened new frontiers in our quest for understanding of the internal dynamics and dynamo on the Sun. Local helioseismology reconstructs subsurface structures and flows by extracting coherent signals of acoustic waves traveling through the interior and carrying information about subsurface perturbations and flows, from stochastic oscillations observed on the surface. The initial analysis of the subsurface flow maps reconstructed from the 5 years of SDO/HMI data by time-distance helioseismology reveals the great potential for studying and understanding of the dynamics of the quiet Sun and active regions, and the evolution with the solar cycle. In particular, our results show that the emergence and evolution of active regions are accompanied by multi-scale flow patterns, and that the meridional flows display the North-South asymmetry closely correlating with the magnetic activity. The latitudinal variations of the meridional circulation speed, which are probably related to the large-scale converging flows, are mostly confined in shallow subsurface layers. Therefore, these variations do not necessarily affect the magnetic flux transport. The North-South asymmetry is also pronounced in the variations of the differential rotation (‘torsional oscillations’). The calculations of a proxy of the subsurface kinetic helicity density show that the helicity does not vary during the solar cycle, and that supergranulation is a likely source of the near-surface helicity.