| |
Unsaturated and Saturated Flow Front Tracking in Liquid Composite Molding Processes using Dielectric Sensors
- 作者:P. Carlone ; G. S. Palazzo
- 关键词:Liquid composite molding ; Impregnation ; Saturation ; Flow monitoring ; Dielectric sensors ; Numerical model
- 刊名:Applied Composite Materials
- 出版年:2015
- 出版时间:October 2015
- 年:2015
- 卷:22
- 期:5
- 页码:543-557
- 全文大小:3,708 KB
- 参考文献:1.Mallick, P.K.: Composites Engineering Handbook. CRC Press, New York (1997)
2.Parnas, R.S.: Liquid Composite Molding. Hanser Gardner Pubns (2000) 3.Vaidya, U.: Composites for Automotive, Truck and Mass Transit: Materials, Design, Manufacturing. DEStech Publications (2010) 4.Hammami, A., Gebart, B.R.: Analysis of the vacuum infusion molding process. Polym. Compos. 21(1), 28鈥?0 (2000)CrossRef 5.Karlsson, K.F., 脜str枚m, B.T.: Manufacturing and applications of structural sandwich components. Compos. Part A 28(2), 97鈥?11 (1997)CrossRef 6.Varna, J., Joffe, R., Berglund, L.A.: Effect of voids on failure mechanisms in RTM laminates. Compos. Sci. Technol. 53(2), 241鈥?49 (1995)CrossRef 7.Hern谩ndez, S., Sket, F., Molina-Aldaregu矛, J.M., Gonz谩lez, C., LLorca, J.: Effect of curing cycle on void distribution and interlaminar shear strength in polymer-matrix composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 71(10), 1331鈥?341 (2011)CrossRef 8.Zhou, F., Kuentzer, N., Simacek, P., Advani, S.G., Walsh, S.: Analytic characterization of the permeability of dual-scale fibrous porous media. Compos. Sci. Technol. 66(15), 2795鈥?803 (2006)CrossRef 9.Zhou, F., Alms, J., Advani, S.G.: A closed form solution for flow in dual scale fibrous porous media. Compos. Sci. Technol. 68(3鈥?), 699鈥?0 (2008)CrossRef 10.Park, C.H., Lebel, A., Saouab, A., Br茅ard, J., Lee, W.I.: Modeling and simulation of voids and saturation in liquid composite. Compos. Part A 42(6), 658鈥?68 (2011)CrossRef 11.艩im谩膷ek, P., Advani, S.G.: Desirable features in mold filling simulations for liquid composite molding processes. Polym. Compos. 25(4), 355鈥?67 (2004)CrossRef 12.Gourichon, B., Binetruy, C., Krawczak, P.: A new numerical procedure to predict dynamic void content. Compos. Part A 37(11), 1961鈥?969 (2006)CrossRef 13.Modi, D., Correia, N., Johnson, M., Long, A., Rudd, C., Robitaille, F.: Active control of the vacuum infusion process. Compos. Part A 38(5), 1271鈥?287 (2007)CrossRef 14.Lawrence, J.M., Neacsu, V., Advani, S.G.: Modeling the impact of capillary pressure and air entrapment on fiber tow, saturation during resin infusion in LCM. Compos. Part A 40, 1053鈥?064 (2009)CrossRef 15.Simacek, P., Neacsu, V., Advani, S.G.: A phenomenological model for fiber tow saturation of dual scale fabrics in liquid composite molding. Polym. Compos. 31(11), 1881鈥?889 (2010)CrossRef 16.Vaidya, U.K., Jadhav, N.C., Hosur, M.V., Gillespie Jr., J.W., Fink, B.K.: Assessment of flow and cure monitoring using direct current and alternating current sensing in vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. Smart Mater. Struct. 9, 727鈥?36 (2000)CrossRef 17.Luthy, T., Ermanni, P.: Flow monitoring in liquid composite molding based on linear direct current sensing technique. Polym. Compos. 24(2), 249鈥?62 (2003)CrossRef 18.Lim, S.T., Lee, W.I.: An analysis of the three-dimensional resin-transfer mold filling process. Compos. Sci. Technol. 60(7), 961鈥?75 (2000)CrossRef 19.Lekakou, C., Cook, S., Deng, Y., Ang, T.W., Reed, G.T.: Optical fibre sensor for monitoring flow and resin curing in composites manufacturing. Compos. Part A 37(6), 934鈥?38 (2006)CrossRef 20.Dunkers, J.P., Lenhart, J.L., Kueh, S.R., van Zanten, J.H., Advani, S.G., Parnas, R.S.: Fiber optic flow and cure sensing for liquid composite molding. Opt. Laser. Eng. 35(2), 91鈥?04 (2001)CrossRef 21.Danisman, M., Tuncol, G., Kaynar, A., Sozer, E.M.: Monitoring of resin flow in the resin transfer molding (RTM) process using point-voltage sensors. Compos. Sci. Technol. 67(3鈥?), 367鈥?79 (2007)CrossRef 22.Tuncol, G., Danisman, M., Kaynar, A., Sozer, E.M.: Constraints on monitoring resin flow in the resin transfer molding (RTM) process by using thermocouple sensors. Compos. Part A 38(5), 1363鈥?386 (2007)CrossRef 23.Schmachtenberg, E., Heide, S.Z.J., Topker, J.: Application of ultrasonics for the process control of Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM). Polym. Test. 24(3), 330鈥?38 (2005)CrossRef 24.Skordos, A.A., Karkanas, P.I., Partridge, I.K.: A dielectric sensor for measuring flow in resin transfer moulding. Meas. Sci. Technol. 11, 25鈥?1 (2000)CrossRef 25.Bang, K.G., Kwon, J.W., Lee, D.G., Lee, J.W.: Measurement of the degree of cure of glass fiber-epoxy comosites using dielectrometry. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 113(1鈥?), 209鈥?14 (2001)CrossRef 26.Kim, H.G., Lee, D.G.: Dielectric cure monitoring for glass/polyester prepreg composites. Compos. Struct. 57(1鈥?), 91鈥?9 (2002)CrossRef 27.Yenilmez, B., Sozer, E.M.: A grid of dielectric sensors to monitor mold filling and resin cure. Compos. Part A 40(4), 476鈥?89 (2009)CrossRef 28.Carlone, P., Palazzo, G.S.: Flow monitoring and permeability measurements in LCM processes by the means of a dielectric sensor. Key Eng. Mater. 504鈥?06, 289鈥?94 (2012)CrossRef 29.ANSYS CFX 13.0 Reference Guide. ANSYS Inc (2010) 30.De Parseval, Y., Pillai, K.M., Advani, S.G.: A simple model for the variation of permeability due to partial saturation in dual scale porous media. Transp. Porous Med. 27(3), 243鈥?64 (1997)CrossRef 31.Walther, J., Simacek, P., Advani, S.G.: The effect of fabric and fiber tow shear on dual scale flow and fiber bundle saturation during liquid molding of textile composites. Int. J. Mater. Form. 5(1), 83鈥?7 (2012)CrossRef 32.Tan, H., Pillai, K.M.: Multiscale modeling of unsaturated flow in dual-scale fiber preforms of liquid composite molding I: isothermal flows. Compos. Part A 43(1), 1鈥?3 (2012)CrossRef 33.Br茅ard, J., Saouab, A., Bouquet, G.: Numerical simulation of void formation in LCM. Compos. Part A 34(6), 517鈥?23 (2003)CrossRef 34.Gascons, M., Blanco, N., Simacek, P., Peiro, J., Advani, S., Matthys, K.: Impact of the fibre bed on resin viscosity in liquid composite moulding simulations. Appl. Compos. Mater. 19(3鈥?), 669鈥?88 (2012)CrossRef 35.Garc铆a, J.A., Gasc贸n, L., Chinesta, F., Ruiz, E., Trochu, F.: An efficient solver of the saturation equation in liquid composite molding processes. Int. J. Mater. Form. 3(2), 1295鈥?302 (2010)CrossRef 36.Bayldon, J.M., Daniel, I.M.: Flow modeling of the VARTM process including progressive saturation effects. Compos. Part A 40(8), 1044鈥?052 (2009)CrossRef 37.Govignon, Q., Bickerton, S., Kelly, P.A.: Simulation of the reinforcement compaction and resin flow during the complete resin infusion process. Compos. Part A 41(1), 45鈥?7 (2010)CrossRef
- 作者单位:P. Carlone (1)
G. S. Palazzo (1)
1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- 刊物类别:Chemistry and Materials Science
- 刊物主题:Chemistry
Characterization and Evaluation Materials Mechanics Polymer Sciences Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- 出版者:Springer Netherlands
- ISSN:1573-4897
文摘
Liquid composite molding processes are manufacturing techniques involving the impregnation and saturation of dry fibrous preforms by means of injection or infusion of catalyzed resin systems. Complete wetting of the reinforcement and reduction of voids are key issues to enhance mechanical properties of the final product, as a consequence on line monitoring and control of resin flow is highly desirable to detect and avoid potentialbet macro- as well as micro-voids. In this paper, parallel-plate dielectric sensors were investigated to track the position of unsaturated as well as saturated flow fronts through dual scale porous media. Sensors configuration was analyzed and improved via electromagnetic (EM) finite element simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed system was assessed in one-dimensional impregnation tests. Good agreement was found between unsaturated front positions provided by the considered system and acquired through conventional visual techniques. An indirect verification strategy, based on CFD and EM simulations of the process, was applied to investigate the reliability of dielectric sensors with respect to saturation phenomena. Obtained outcomes highlighted the intriguing capabilities of the proposed method. Keywords Liquid composite molding Impregnation Saturation Flow monitoring Dielectric sensors Numerical model
| |
NGLC 2004-2010.National Geological Library of China All Rights Reserved.
Add:29 Xueyuan Rd,Haidian District,Beijing,PRC. Mail Add: 8324 mailbox 100083
For exchange or info please contact us via email.
| |