Contribution of Cytochrome P450 2D6 to 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Disposition in Humans

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• 作者：Mireia Segura (1) (2)
  Magí Farré (1) (3)
  Simona Pichini (4)
  Ana M. Peiró (1)
  Pere N. Roset (1) (3)
  Ariel Ramírez (1)
  Jordi Ortu?o (1)
  Roberta Pacifici (4)
  Piergiorgio Zuccaro (4)
  Jordi Segura (1) (2)
  Dr Rafael de la Torre (1) (2)
  
• 刊名：Clinical Pharmacokinetics
• 出版年：2005
• 出版时间：June 2005
• 年：2005
• 卷：44
• 期：6
• 页码：649-660
• 全文大小：178KB
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• 作者单位：Mireia Segura (1) (2)
  Magí Farré (1) (3)
  Simona Pichini (4)
  Ana M. Peiró (1)
  Pere N. Roset (1) (3)
  Ariel Ramírez (1)
  Jordi Ortu?o (1)
  Roberta Pacifici (4)
  Piergiorgio Zuccaro (4)
  Jordi Segura (1) (2)
  Dr Rafael de la Torre (1) (2)
  
  1. Pharmacology Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
  2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
  3. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  4. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
  
• ISSN：1179-1926

文摘

Background: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a synthetic amphetamine derivative typically used for recreational purposes. The participation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 in the oxidative metabolism of MDMA may suggest an increased risk of acute toxicity in CYP2D6 poor metabolisers. This study was aimed at assessing the contribution of CYP2D6 to MDMA disposition in vivo using paroxetine as a metabolic probe inhibitor. Paroxetine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, was repeatedly administered before MDMA administration. Study design: This was a randomised, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial conducted in seven healthy male volunteers who were CYP2D6 extensive metabolisers. Treatment conditions (paroxetine/MDMA and placebo/ MDMA) were randomly assigned. Each volunteer participated in two 3-day sessions. On days 1, 2 and 3 subjects received a single oral dose of paroxetine or placebo 20mg. On the third day, a single oral dose of MDMA 100mg was administered in both paroxetine and placebo conditions. Methods: Plasma concentration-time profiles and urinary recoveries of MDMA and its metabolites were measured, as well as plasma concentrations of paroxetine, (3S,4R)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenoxymethyl)-piperidine, and (3S,4R)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenoxymethyl)-piperidine (HM-paroxetine). Results: Paroxetine given before MDMA resulted in significant increases of MDMA area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 27 hours (AUC27) [23%], AUC from zero to infinity (AUC?/sub>) [27%] and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) [17%], without significant differences in MDMA time to reach Cmax (tmax). MDMA elimination-related pharmacokinetic parameters showed a significant reduction of MDMA elimination rate constant (Ke) [?4%] and plasmatic clearance (CLP) [?9%]. In the case of 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine (HHMA), a 21% decrease in Cmax with no significant differences in AUC27, AUC?/sub>, Ke and elimination half-life) were found. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) showed a decrease in plasma concentrations with a reduction in AUC27 (?8%), AUC?/sub> (?0%) and Cmax (?6%). In the case of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) an increase in Cmax (17%) and AUC27 (16%) was found. Following paroxetine pretreatment, the urinary recovery (0-5 hours) of MDMA increased by 11%; HHMA and HMMA urinary recoveries were 27% and 16% lower, respectively compared with placebo. The ratio of Cmax values of paroxetine and its metabolite on days 1 and 3 showed a 3-fold reduction, with no differences in tmax. Discussion and conclusion: The contribution of CYP2D6 to MDMA metabolism in humans is not >30%, therefore other CYP isoenzymes may contribute to O-demethylenation of MDMA. Accordingly, the relevance of genetic polymorphism in CYP2D6 activity on MDMA effects and MDMA-induced acute toxicity should be examined as well as the interactions of other CYP2D6 substrates with MDMA, once the enzyme is inhibited. The pharmacokinetics of HM-paroxetine in humans after the administration of repeated doses is reported for the first time in this study.