An application of a decision tree for assessing effects from exposures to multiple substances to the assessment of human and ecological effects from combined exposures to chemicals observed in surface waters and waste water effluents

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• 作者：Paul Price (1)
  Xianglu Han (1)
  Marion Junghans (2)
  Petra Kunz (2)
  Chris Watts (3)
  Dean Leverett (4)
  
• 关键词：Mixtures ; Maximum cumulative ratio ; Surface waters ; Human health effects ; Ecotoxicological effects
• 刊名：Environmental Sciences Europe
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：December 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：24
• 期：1
• 全文大小：519KB
• 参考文献：1. World Health Organization: / Harmonization Project Document 7; Assessment of Combined Exposures to Multiple Chemicals: Report of a WHO/IPCS International Workshop on Aggregate/Cumulative Risk Assessment 2009. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; 2009.
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  3. IGHRC: / Chemical Mixtures: A Framework for Assessing Risk to Human Health (CR14). The Intergovernmental Group on Health Risks from Chemicals 2009, Institute of Environment and Health. Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire; 2009. Available at: http://ieh.cranfield.ac.uk/ighrc/Chemical%20Mixture%20Final%20May%202009.pdf
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• 作者单位：Paul Price (1)
  Xianglu Han (1)
  Marion Junghans (2)
  Petra Kunz (2)
  Chris Watts (3)
  Dean Leverett (4)
  
  1. The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, 1803 Building, Midland, MI, 48674, USA
  2. Oekotoxzentrum, Eawag-EPFL, 脺berlandstrasse 133, Postfach 611, CH-8600, D眉bendorf, CH, Switzerland
  3. Chris Watts Associates Ltd, 69 Ormond Road, Thame, OXON, OX9 3 XN, UK
  4. WCA Environment Limited, Brunel House, Volunteer Way, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, SN7 7YR, UK
  
• ISSN：2190-4715

文摘

Background A decision tree has been developed for evaluating risks posed by combined exposures to multiple chemicals. The decision tree divides combined exposures of humans and ecological receptors into groups where one or more components are a concern by themselves, where risks from the combined exposures are of low concern, and where there is a concern for the effects from the combined exposures but not from individual chemicals. This paper applies the decision tree to real-world examples of exposures to multiple chemicals, evaluates the usefulness of the approach, and identifies issues arising from the application. Results The decision tree was used to evaluate human health and ecological effects from the combined exposure to 559 mixtures of substances measured in surface waters and effluents. The samples contained detectable levels of 2 to 49 substances. The key findings were, 1) the need for assessments of the combined exposures varied for ecological and human health effects and with the source of the monitoring data, 2) the majority of the toxicity came from one chemical in 44% of the exposures (human health) and 60% of exposures (ecological effects), 3) most cases, where risk from combined exposures was a concern, would have been identified using chemical-by-chemical assessments. Finally, the tree identified chemicals where data on the mode of action would be most useful in refining an assessment. Conclusions The decision tree provided useful information on the need for combined risk assessments and guidance on the questions that should be addressed in future research.