Assessment of Groundwater Quality: Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Contamination in Souss-Massa River Basin

详细信息    查看全文

• 关键词：Anthropogenic contamination ; Groundwater ; Impact ; Quality ; Souss aquifer
• 刊名：The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：53
• 期：1
• 页码：143-162
• 参考文献：1.Agence Bassin Hydraulique Souss-Massa (2008) Plan Directeur d’Aménagement Intégré des Ressources en Eau 6:99p
  2.Agence Bassin Hydraulique Souss-Massa (2006) Plan Directeur d’Aménagement Intégré des Ressources en Eau 3:120p
  3.Haut-Commissariat au Plan (HCP) Le Maroc en chiffre, 2013 (version arabe et française) 52p
  4.Ahkouk S (2004) Impact des fertilisants agricoles et du mode d’irrigation sur la qualité des eaux souterraines en zones irriguées sous climat semi-aride: cas de la plaine des Chtouka, Bassin du Souss-Massa, Maroc Thèse de doctorat national. Univ. Ibn Zohr, Fac. Sci. Agadir, 161p
  5.Bouchaou L, Michelot JL, Vengosh A, Hsissou Y, Gaye CB, Bullen TD, Zuppi GM, Qurtobi M (2008) Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss–Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco. J Hydrol 352:267–287CrossRef
  6.Bouchaou L, Tagma T, Boutaleb S, Hssaisoune M, El Morjani ZEA (2011) Climate change and its impacts on GW resources in Morocco: the case of the Souss-Massa basin. Taylor & Francis, Chapter 8, pp 129–144
  7.Boutaleb S, Bouchaou L, Mudry J, Hsissou Y, Chauve P (2000) Effects of lithology on quality of water resources. The case of oued Issen (Western Upper Atlas, Morocco). Hydrogeol J 8:230–238CrossRef
  8.Krimissa S (2005) Nappes superficielles en zone semi-aride : origine des eaux et de la salinité, renouvellement : exemple des nappes Massa et Souss. Thèse de doctorat, Univ. Franchecomté, Besançon, France, 196p
  9.Laouina A (2006) Gestion Durable Des Ressources Naturelles Et De La Biodiversité Au Maroc. Rapport du Haut-Commissariat au Plan, Mars, 118p
  10.Tagma T, Hsissou Y, Bouchaou L, Bouragba L, Boutaleb S (2009) Groundwater nitrate pollution in Souss-Massa basin (south-west Morocco). Afr J Environ Sci Technol 310:301–309
  11.Hsissou Y, Mudry J, Mania J, Bouchaou L, Chauve P (1999) Utilisation du rapport Br/Cl pour déterminer l’origine de la salinité des eaux souterraines : exemple de la plaine du Souss (Maroc), CR Acad Sci Paris Ser. IIa 328:381–386
  12.Tagma T (2011) Ressources en eau souterraine de l’aquifère du massa : étude de la qualité et de la vulnérabilité. Thèse de Doctorat, Univ Ibn zohr, Agadir, Maroc. 111p
  13.Haut-Commissariat au Plan (HCP) Rapport l’Annuaire statistique de la région Souss-Massa-Draa, 2012 (version arabe et française) 167p
  14.Secrétariat d’état, de l’eau et l’environnement (SEEE) “la réutilisation des eaux épurées dans la région du Souss-Massa-Draa” recherche et developpement en gestion intégrée des ressources hydriques au sud-Est du Maroc, Ouarzazat 1–2 Avril 2004
  15.Daoudi M (2011) Optimisation De La REUE Dans L’agriculture : Cas De Tiznit » Séminaire international sur la reutilisation Des eaux usees traitees dans la region arabe, RABAT 06 Juin 2011
  16.Direction de L’Irrigation et de l’Aménagement de l’Espace Agricole (DIAEA) Etude du plan directeur de réutilisation des eaux usées traitées en irrigation: Mission 1 « Etat des lieux de l’utilisation des eaux usées en irrigation » MARCHE N°08/DIAEA/DRHA/SPSRHA, Novembre 2012, 134p
  17.Kaszynski GM, LaFevers JR, Beck RL, Harrigton KL, Kremer F (1981) The environmental impacts, institutional problems, and research needs of sanitary landfill recovery. Argonne National Laboratory, ANL-CNSV-TM-86
  18.El-Fadel M, Findikakis AN, Leckie JO (1997) Environmental impacts of solid waste landfilling. J Environ Manag 50:1–25CrossRef
  19.Secrétariat d’état, de l’eau et l’environnement (SEEE) Etude des possibilités de réutilisation des eaux usées épurées: Mission III « plan d’action et mise en œuvre de la réutilisation des eaux usées épurées » MARCHE N°133/2008/DRPE, Décembre 2010, 73p
  20.Cosserat M, Decau J, Patacq-Crontzet H, Pujol B (1990) Fertigation in coarse-textured soil. Consequences on production and nitrate pollution. In: Calvet R (eds) Nitrate-Agriculture-Eau. INRA, Paris, France pp 257–262
  21.Hsissou Y, Mudry J, Bouchaou L, Chauve P, Mania J (2002) Use of chemical tracy to study acquisition modality of mineralization and behaviour of unconfined groundwater under semi-arid climate : the case study of the Souss plain (Morocco). Environ Geol 42:672–680CrossRef
  22.Kim JG, Chon C-M, Lee J-S (2004) Effect of structure and texture on infiltration flow pattern Pixie, A.H. and Dennis, R.H. 1995. Effects of agriculture on GW quality in five regions of the United States. Ground Water 33:217–226
  23.Pixie AH, Dennis RH (1995) Effects of agriculture on groundwater quality in five regions of the United States. Ground Water 33:217–226. doi:10.11111j.1745-6584
  24.Vinten AJA, Vivian BJ, Wright F, Howard RS (1994) A comparative study of nitrate leaching from soils of differing textures under similar climatic and cropping conditions. J Hydrol 159:197–213CrossRef
  25.Office régional de mise en valeur agricole de Souss-Massa (2015) rapport “évolution des superficies et productions moyenne des cinq dernières campagnes, total zone d’action”

文摘

Groundwater quality in Souss-Massa Basin is influenced by natural and anthropogenic contaminations. In fact, the geological formations are the main sources of mineralization in Souss-Massa aquifer. The impact of marine intrusion is noticed in the coastal area. However, human activities are also responsible for the deterioration of groundwater quality. Indeed, agriculture is the main activity in the region with the presence of some industrial food unities which contribute to the degradation of water quality due to different uses of water resources as well as the reject of industrial and urban wastewater. The evaluation of urban pollution shows that it is directly linked to demographic changes, the rate of connection to the sanitation system, and wastewater treatment. However, wastewater treatment activity is quietly growing in the area. In fact, more than six treatment plants are operational in different cities. Furthermore, the Hydraulic Basin Agency and its partners have initiated several studies for new treatment plant implementation in other locations. Despite this progress, sanitation sector is still in remarkable delay. In fact, the total liquid discharges through the Souss-Massa Basin are equal to 28.8 million m3 of which 54.7% are only treated, and 45% are rejected directly in the environment and consequently generating a pollution load of more than 7.1 T/year of BOD, for example. The Agadir City is generating more than 50% of this pollution load. Regarding the production of solid waste, the total amount of waste produced in the area is evaluated at nearly 565.000 T/year. The distribution of waste between provinces shows that for the urban area of Agadir and Inezgane Ait Melloul, agglomeration contributes with over 80% of waste, while Taroudant and Ait Baha contribute with 68%. The assessment of industrial pollution shows that 36% of potential polluting industries are located at the province of Chtouka Ait Baha, 35% at the province of Inezgane Ait Melloul, 24% at Taroudant, 4% at Tiznit, and 1% at the province of Agadir Ida Ou Tanane. Agriculture is the dominant activity in the basin where the agricultural pollution in the Souss-Massa Basin is mainly connected to the agricultural production and the livestock. Citrus and vegetables are considered as a main source of nitrate pollution because of the important quantities of fertilizers used for these crops. The pollution load based on amounts of nitrogen leached is valued at 1,511 tons of nitrates per year.