Postural threat during walking: effects on energy cost and accompanying gait changes

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• 作者：Trienke IJmker (5) (6)
  Claudine J Lamoth (5)
  Han Houdijk (5) (6)
  Lucas HV van der Woude (5)
  Peter J Beek (5) (6)
  
  5. University of Groningen ; University Medical Center Groningen ; Center for Human Movement Sciences ; Center for Rehabilitation ; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 ; 9713AV ; Groningen ; the Netherlands
  6. Brunel University ; School of Sport and Education ; Kingston Lane ; Middlesex ; UB8 3PH ; Uxbridge ; UK
  
• 刊名：Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：11
• 期：1
• 全文大小：675 KB
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• 刊物主题：Neurosciences; Neurology; Rehabilitation Medicine; Biomedical Engineering;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1743-0003

文摘

Background Balance control during walking has been shown to involve a metabolic cost in healthy subjects, but it is unclear how this cost changes as a function of postural threat. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of postural threat on the energy cost of walking, as well as on concomitant changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters, muscle activity and perturbation responses. In addition, we examined if and how these effects are dependent on walking speed. Methods Healthy subjects walked on a treadmill under four conditions of varying postural threat. Each condition was performed at 7 walking speeds ranging from 60-140% of preferred speed. Postural threat was induced by applying unexpected sideward pulls to the pelvis and varied experimentally by manipulating the width of the path subjects had to walk on. Results Results showed that the energy cost of walking increased by 6-13% in the two conditions with the largest postural threat. This increase in metabolic demand was accompanied by adaptations in spatiotemporal gait parameters and increases in muscle activity, which likely served to arm the participants against a potential loss of balance in the face of the postural threat. Perturbation responses exhibited a slower rate of recovery in high threat conditions, probably reflecting a change in strategy to cope with the imposed constraints. The observed changes occurred independent of changes in walking speed, suggesting that walking speed is not a major determinant influencing gait stability in healthy young adults. Conclusions The current study shows that in healthy adults, increasing postural threat leads to a decrease in gait economy, independent of walking speed. This could be an important factor in the elevated energy costs of pathological gait.