A computational study of pressure wave reflections in the pulmonary arteries

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• 作者：M. Umar Qureshi ; N. A. Hill
• 关键词：Pulmonary arteries ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Numerical simulations ; Wave reflections ; Wave intensity analysis ; Pulse wave velocity ; 81T80 ; 76Z05 ; 74J30
• 刊名：Journal of Mathematical Biology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：71
• 期：6-7
• 页码：1525-1549
• 全文大小：1,869 KB
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• 作者单位：M. Umar Qureshi (1) (2)
  N. A. Hill (2)
  
  1. Department of Mathematics, International Islamic University, Sector H10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
  2. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QW, UK
  
• 刊物类别：Mathematics and Statistics
• 刊物主题：Mathematics
  Mathematical Biology
  Applications of Mathematics
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1416

文摘

Experiments using wave intensity analysis suggest that the pulmonary circulation in sheep and dogs is characterized by negative or open-end type wave reflections, that reduce the systolic pressure. Since the pulmonary physiology is similar in most mammals, including humans, we test and verify this hypothesis by using a subject specific one-dimensional model of the human pulmonary circulation and a conventional wave intensity analysis. Using the simulated pressure and velocity, we also analyse the performance of the P–U loop and sum of squares techniques for estimating the local pulse wave velocity in the pulmonary arteries, and then analyse the effects of these methods on linear wave separation in the main pulmonary artery. P–U loops are found to provide much better estimates than the sum of squares technique at proximal locations, but both techniques accumulate progressive error at distal locations away from heart, particularly near junctions. The pulse wave velocity estimated using the sum of squares method also gives rise to an artificial early systolic backward compression wave. Finally, we study the influence of three types of pulmonary hypertension viz. pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxic lung disease. Simulating these conditions by changing the relevant parameters in the model and then applying the wave intensity analysis, we observe that for each group the early systolic backward decompression wave reflected from proximal junctions is maintained, whilst the initial forward compression and the late systolic backward compression waves amplify with increasing pathology and contribute significantly to increases in systolic pressure. Keywords Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary hypertension Numerical simulations Wave reflections Wave intensity analysis Pulse wave velocity