Resolving the paradox of shame: Differentiating among specific appraisal-feeling combinations explains pro-social and self-defensive motivation

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Resolving the paradox of shame: Differentiating among specific appraisal-feeling combinations explains pro-social and self-defensive motivation

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作者：Nicolay Gausel ; Vivian L. Vignoles ; Colin Wayne Leach
关键词：Shame ; Rejection ; Inferiority ; Moral ; Pro ; social ; Defensive
刊名：Motivation and Emotion
出版年：2016
出版时间：February 2016
年：2016
卷：40
期：1
页码：118-139
全文大小：893 KB
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作者单位：Nicolay Gausel (1)
Vivian L. Vignoles (2)
Colin Wayne Leach (3)

1. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Centre for Emotion Research, Østfold University College, 1757, Halden, Norway
2. School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
3. Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
刊物类别：Behavioral Science
刊物主题：Psychology
Psychology
Personality and Social Psychology
Clinical Psychology
出版者：Springer Netherlands
ISSN：1573-6644

文摘

Research has shown that people can respond both self-defensively and pro-socially when they experience shame. We address this paradox by differentiating among specific appraisals (of specific self-defect and concern for condemnation) and feelings (of shame, inferiority, and rejection) often reported as part of shame. In two Experiments (Study 1: N = 85; Study 2: N = 112), manipulations that put participants’ social-image at risk increased their appraisal of concern for condemnation. In Study 2, a manipulation of moral failure increased participants’ appraisal that they suffered a specific self-defect. In both studies, mediation analyses showed that effects of the social-image at risk manipulation on self-defensive motivation were explained by appraisal of concern for condemnation and felt rejection. In contrast, the effect of the moral failure manipulation on pro-social motivation in Study 2 was explained by appraisal of a specific self-defect and felt shame. Thus, distinguishing among the appraisals and feelings tied to shame enabled clearer prediction of pro-social and self-defensive responses to moral failure with and without risk to social-image. Keywords Shame Rejection Inferiority Moral Pro-social Defensive