Spring water quality and usability in the Mount Cameroon area revealed by hydrogeochemistry

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• 作者：Andrew Ako Ako (12) akoandrewako@yahoo.com
  Jun Shimada (1)
  Takahiro Hosono (3)
  Makoto Kagabu (1)
  Akoachere Richard Ayuk (4)
  George Elambo Nkeng (5)
  Gloria Eneke Takem Eyong (2)
  Alain L. Fouepe Takounjou (2)
• 关键词：Springs – ; Quality – ; Usability – ; Hydrogeochemistry – ; Mount Cameroon – ; Cameroon
• 刊名：Environmental Geochemistry and Health
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：October 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：34
• 期：5
• 页码：615-639
• 全文大小：1.0 MB
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• 作者单位：1. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University-Japan, Kurokami 2-29-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan2. Hydrological Research Centre Yaound茅, P.O. Box 4110, Yaound茅, Cameroon3. Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-29-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan4. Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon5. National Advanced School of Public Works Yaound茅, P.O. Box 510, Yaound茅, Cameroon
• ISSN：1573-2983

文摘

Groundwater is the only reliable water resource for drinking, domestic, and agricultural purposes for the people living in the Mount Cameroon area. Hydrogeochemical and R-mode factor analysis were used to identify hydrogeochemical processes controlling spring water quality and assess its usability for the above uses. Main water types in the study area are Ca–Mg–HCO₃ and Na–HCO₃. This study reveals that three processes are controlling the spring water quality. CO₂-driven silicate weathering and reverse cation exchange are the most important processes affecting the hydrochemistry of the spring waters. While tropical oceanic monsoon chloride-rich/sulfate-rich rainwater seems to affect spring water chemistry at low-altitude areas, strong correlations exist between major ions, dissolved silica and the altitude of springs. In general, the spring waters are suitable for drinking and domestic uses. Total hardness (TH) values indicate a general softness of the waters, which is linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Based on Na %, residual sodium carbonate, sodium adsorption ratio, and the USSL classification, the spring waters are considered suitable for irrigation. Though there is wide spread use of chemical fertilizers and intense urban settlements at the lower flanks of the volcano, anthropogenic activities for now seem to have little impact on the spring water quality.