Transformation of agricultural land use in Russian regions in the course of modern socioeconomic reforms

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• 作者：M. A. Kaz'min
• 关键词：Russia ; Moscow oblast ; rural area ; land reform ; transformation ; agricultural land use ; food security
• 刊名：Regional Research of Russia
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：6
• 期：1
• 页码：87-94
• 全文大小：2,184 KB
• 参考文献：1. Gosudarstvennyi (natsional’nyi) doklad “O sostoyanii i ispol’zovanii zemel’ v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 1991 g.” (State Report “About State and Use of Lands in Russian Federation in 1991”), Moscow: Fed. Sluzhba Gos. Registr., Kadastra, Kartogr., 1992.
  2. Gosudarstvennyi (natsional’nyi) doklad “O sostoyanii i ispol’zovanii zemel’ v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2013 g.” (State Report “About State and Use of Lands in Russian Federation in 2013), Moscow: Fed. Sluzhba Gos. Registr., Kadastra, Kartogr., 2014.
  3. Zemel’nyi fond Rossiiski Federatsii na 1 yanvarya 1980 g. (The Land Supply of Russian Federation in 1980), Moscow, 1981.
  4. Zemel’nyi fond Rossiiskoi Federatsii na 1 yanvarya 2013 g. (The Land Supply of Russian Federation in 2013), Moscow: Rosreestr, 2013.
  5.Kaz’min, M.A., Zemel’nye reformy v Rossii (XIX–XX vv.): Uroki proidennogo puti (The Land Reforms in Russia in 19–20th Centuries: Experience), Moscow: Librokom, 2012.
  6.Kaz’min, M.A., Zemel’naya reforma v regionakh postsovetskoi Rossii: Itogi preobrazovanii i upushchennye vozmozhnosti (The Land Reform in Regions of PostSoviet Russia: The Results of Transformations and Lost Opportunities), Moscow: Librokom, 2015.
  7. O sostoyanii prirodnykh resursov i okruzhayushzhei sredy Moskovskoi oblasti v 2010 godu. Informatsionnyi vypusk (On the state of natural resources and environment of Moscow oblast in 2010. Information Issue), Moscow, 2011.
  8. Sel’skoe khozyaistvo v Rossii: Statisticheskii sbornik (Agriculture in Russia: Statistical Handbook), Moscow: Goskomstat Rossii, 1998.
  9. Sel’skoe khozyaistvo, okhota i lesovodstvo v Rossii. 2004: Statisticheskii sbornik (Agriculture, Hunting, and Forestry in Russia. 2004: Statistical Handbook), Moscow: Rosstat, 2004.
  10. Sel’skoe khozyaistvo SSSR: Statisticheskii sbornik (Agriculture in USSR: Statistical Handbook), Moscow: Gosstatizdat TsSU SSSR, 1960.
  11. Sel’skoe khozyaistvo SSSR: Statisticheskii sbornik (Agriculture in USSR: Statistical Handbook), Moscow: Statistika, 1971.
  12. Sel’skoe khozyaistvo SSSR: Statisticheskii sbornik (Agriculture in USSR: Statistical Handbook), Moscow: Finansy i Statsitika, 1988.
  
• 作者单位：M. A. Kaz’min (1)
  
  1. Department of Geography, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
  
• 刊物主题：Regional/Spatial Science;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：2079-9713

文摘

The paper considers the results and territorial features of the transformation of agricultural land use in Russia’s federal subjects for the period of land reforms from 1991 through 2012. The most important stages of reform were the privatization of a significant portion of agricultural land and the creation on this basis of a multiform agriculture. In addition to large enterprises and organizations, significant land areas began to belong to farms, personal subsidiary plots, collective orchards, and individual horticulture plots, which helped to establish and develop the agricultural land market. The result of the transformations was a widespread reduction in the area of agricultural land, arable land, and sowing areas with an increase in fallow areas, natural hayfields, and pastures. Such a large-scale decrease in cultivated land occurred for the first time in Russia’s multicentury agrarian history. Territorial analysis of the transformation showed that what occurred was a reduction in the area of irrigated and drained land, as well as cropland with the richest Chernozem, Kastanozem (chestnut), and Phaeozem and Luvisol (gray forest) soils within the entire agriculturally developed territory of the country. The largest areas fell out of agricultural use as a result of their development as residential areas and infrastructure objects, as well as due to a decrease in land quality. An important reason for the reduction in agricultural land is its continuing degradation. The most actively transformative processes took place in the agriculturally developed regions of Central Russia within the southern-taiga–forest, forest–steppe, and steppe landscapes of European Russia, in southern Siberia, and the southern Far East.