The BioValueChain model: a Norwegian model for calculating environmental impacts of biogas value chains

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• 作者：Kari-Anne Lyng (1)
  Ingunn Saur Modahl (1)
  Hanne M酶ller (1)
  John Morken (2)
  Tormod Briseid (3)
  Ole J酶rgen Hanssen (1)
  
  1. Ostfold Research ; Stadion 4 ; 1671 ; Kr氓ker酶y ; Norway
  2. Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT) ; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) ; 脜s ; Norway
  3. Bioforsk ; 脜s ; Norway
  
• 关键词：Biogas ; Food waste ; LCA ; Manure ; Organic waste
• 刊名：The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：20
• 期：4
• 页码：490-502
• 全文大小：449 KB
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  3. B酶en A (2013) PhD thesis: waste-based products as slow-release fertilisers: with emphasis on phosphorus fertiliser effects
  4. Boldrin, A, Neidel, TL, Damgaard, A, Bhander, GS, M酶ller, J, Christensen, TH (2011) Modelling of environmental impacts from biological treatment of organic municipal waste in EASEWASTE. Waste Manag 31: pp. 619-630 CrossRef
  5. Carlsson M, Uldal M (2009) Substrathandbok f枚r biogasproduktion, Rapport SGC 200鈥?102 - 7321 - ISRN SGC-R-200-SE (in Swedish only)
  6. Clavreul, J, Baumeister, H, Christensen, TH, Damgaard, A (2014) An environmental assessment system for environmental technologies. Environ Model Softw 60: pp. 18-30 oft.2014.06.007" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef
  7. Clavreul, J, Guyonnet, D, Christensen, TH (2012) Quantifying uncertainty in LCA-modelling of waste management systems. Waste Manag 32: pp. 2482-2495 CrossRef
  8. Curran MA (2012) Life cycle assessment handbook. A guide for environmentally sustainable products. Scriever Publishing, Wiley
  9. Dalemo, M, Sonesson, U, Bj枚rklund, A, Mingarini, K, Frostell, B, J枚nsson, H, Nybrant, T, Sundqvist, J-O, Thyselius, L (1997) ORWARE鈥攁 simulation model for organic waste handling systems. Part 1: model description. Resour Conserv Recycl 21: pp. 17-37 CrossRef
  10. Daugstad K, Kristoffersen 脴K, Nesheim L (2012) N忙ringsinnhald i husdyrgj酶dsel. Analyser av husdyrgj酶dsel fr氓 storfe, sau, svin og fj酶rfe 2006-2011Bioforsk Rapport Bioforsk Report Vol. 7 Nr. 24 2012 (in Norwegian only)
  11. Eklind, Y, Amon, B, Bengtsson, S, Ejlertsson, J, Kirchmann, H, Mathisen, B, Nordkvist, E, Sonesson, U, Svennson, BH, Torstensson, L (1997) Chemical characterization of source-separated organic household wastes. Swed J Agric Res 27: pp. 167-178
  12. Eltun, R, Fugleberg, O, Nordheim, O (1996) The Apelsvoll cropping system experiment. VII runoff losses of soil particles, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur. Nor J Agric Sci 10: pp. 371-384
  13. Eriksson, O, Frostell, B, Bj枚rklund, A, Assefa, G, Sundqvist, J-O, Granath, J, Carlsson, M, Baky, A, Thyselius, L (2002) ORWARE鈥攁 simulation tool for waste management. Resour Conserv Recycl 36: pp. 287-307 CrossRef
  14. European Comission JRC (2010) ILCD handbook - General guide for life cycle assessment - detailed guidance, First edition. European Union
  15. European Comission JRC (2011) Supporting environmentally sound decisions for waste management (2011a): a technical guide to life cycle thinking (LCT) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for waste experts and LCA practitioners, EUR 24916 EN 鈥?2011
  16. Finnveden, G (1999) Methodological aspects of life cycle assessment of integrated solid waste management systems. Resour Conserv Recycl 26: pp. 173-187 CrossRef
  17. Fr酶iland E, Williksen T, Bartnes J (1999) Beregningsmodell for utslipp av metangass fra Norske deponier - historiske og framtidige utslippsmengder, SFT, rapport nr 99:16, ISBN 82-7655-180-7 (in Norwegian only)
  18. Gentil, EC, Damgaard, A, Hauschild, M, Finnveden, G, Eriksson, O, Thorneloe, S, Kaplan, PO, Barlaz, M, Muller, O, Matsui, Y, Ii, R, Christensen, TH (2010) Models for waste life cycle assessment: review of technical assumptions. Waste Manag 30: pp. 2636-2648 CrossRef
  19. Hansen, TL, Bhander, GS, Christensen, TH, Bruun, S, Jensen, LS (2006) Life cycle modelling of environmental impacts of application of processed organic municipal solid waste on agricultural land (EASEWASTE). Waste Manag Res 24: pp. 153-166 CrossRef
  20. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2006) EN ISO 14044 Environmental management. Life cycle assessment. Requirements and guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland
  21. Kirkeby, JT, Birgisdottir, H, Hansen, TL, Christensen, TH, Bhander, GS, Hauschild, M (2006) Environmental assessment of solid waste systems and technologies: EASEWASTE. Waste Manag Res 24: pp. 3-15 CrossRef
  22. Laurent, A, Bakas, I, Clavreul, J, Bernstad, A, Niero, M, Gentil, E, Hauschild, MZ, Christensen, TH (2014) Review of LCA studies of solid waste management systems鈥擯art I: lessons learned and perspectives. Waste Manag 34: pp. 573-588 CrossRef
  23. Laurent, A, Clavreul, J, Bernstad, A, Bakas, I, Niero, M, Gentil, E, Christensen, TH, Hauschild, MZ (2014) Review of LCA studies of solid waste management systems鈥擯art II: methodological guidance for a better practice. Waste Manag 34: pp. 589-606 CrossRef
  24. Leiden University (2013) CML-IA 3.01 Life cycle impact assessment method. oftware/data-cmlia.html" class="a-plus-plus">http://cml.leiden.edu/software/data-cmlia.html
  25. PR茅 (2014) Provider of the LCA software SimaPro. Link verified 5.May 20014. http://pre-sustainability.com/simapro/
  26. Raadal HL, Schakenda V, Morken J (2008) Potensialstudie for Biogass i Norge (No. OR 21.08)
  27. Sonesson, U, Dalemo, M, Mingarini, K, J枚nsson, H (1997) ORWARE鈥攁 simulation model for organic waste handling systems. Part 2: case study and simulation results. Resour Conserv Recycl 21: pp. 39-54 CrossRef
  28. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories (2014) EcoInvent database v. 3
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  30. The Norwegian Department of Agriculture and Food (2009) St. meld. Nr. 39. (2008鈥?009) Klimautfordringene 鈥?landbruket en del av l酶sningen. (Norwegian White Paper) Available at: https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/stmeld-nr-39-2008-2009-/id563671/
  31. The Norwegian organic fertiliser ordinance (2003) FOR-2003-07-04-951. Published in 2003, folder no. 11. Available at: https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2003-07-04-951
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Environmental Economics
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1614-7502

文摘

Purpose The BioValueChain model facilitates the calculation of environmental impacts throughout the value chain for production of biogas from organic waste and manure in Norway. This paper describes the methodology of the model, presents the results based on general data and performs a sensitivity analysis for the input data. Methods The model is based on life cycle assessment methodology and defines the boundaries of the system and a set of default parameter values which can easily be changed to obtain relevant results for a specific region or a specific biogas plant. Results and discussion The general results from application of the model show that the application of biogas and digestate, including the assumption regarding which products are substituted, has significance for the results. The sensitivity analysis reveals that results for global warming potential (GWP) appear to be less sensitive for the different parameter values than the other environmental indicators. Increased biogas production from source separated organic household waste and manure from cattle and pigs appears to be an appropriate greenhouse gases (GHG) mitigation measure for Norwegian conditions if the biogas substitutes fossil fuels and if the digestate substitutes mineral fertiliser. Conclusions The results underline the need for the use of specific data, especially for transport distances, biogas potential and efficiency of biogas plant. Furthermore, in order to decrease the uncertainty of the results, more research is required into ways of modelling and quantifying direct emissions from the storage and application of manure and digestate on land.