Cuttability Assessment of Selected Rocks Through Different Brittleness Values

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Arif Emre Dursun ; M. Kemal Gokay
• 关键词：Brittleness ; Rock cuttability ; Specific energy ; Small ; scale rock cutting tests ; SPSS ; Regression analysis
• 刊名：Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：49
• 期：4
• 页码：1173-1190
• 全文大小：3,968 KB
• 参考文献：Abu Bakar MZ, Gertsch LS (2013) Evaluation of saturation effects on drag pick cutting of a brittle sandstone from full scale linear cutting tests. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 34:124–134CrossRef
  Altindag R (2002a) The evaluation of rock brittleness concept on rotary blast hole drills. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 102(1):61–66
  Altindag R (2002b) The useability of coarseness index in the prediction of penetration rate of percussive blasthole drills in a limestone opencast quarry. In: 1st International Symposium of the Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Mines on Earth Sciences and Engineering, 16–18 May. Istanbul, Turkey, p 196 (Abstract)
  Altindag R (2003) Correlation of specific energy with rock brittleness concepts on rock cutting. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 103(3):163–171
  Balci C, Bilgin N (2007) Correlative study of linear small and full-scale rock cutting tests to select mechanized excavation machines. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:468–476CrossRef
  Balci C, Demircin MA, Copur H, Tuncdemir H (2004) Estimation of specific energy based on rock properties for assessment of roadheader performance. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 11:633–643
  Bieniawski ZT (1967) Mechanism of brittle fracture of rock. Part I. Theory of the fracture process. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 4(4):395–406CrossRef
  Bilgin N (1989) Applied rock cutting mechanics for civil and mining engineers. Birsen, Turkey 192 pp
  Bilgin N, Yazici S, Eskikaya S (1996) A model to predict the performance of roadheaders and impact hammers in tunnel drivages. In: Proceedings, Eurock’96, Balkema, pp 715–720
  Bilgin N, Balci C, Eskikaya S, Ergunalp D (1997a) Full scale and small scale cutting tests for equipment selection in a celestite mine. In: Strakos V et al (eds) 6th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 387–392
  Bilgin N, Kuzu C, Eskikaya S (1997b) Cutting performance of jack hammers and roadheaders in Istanbul metro drivages. In: Golser J, Hinkel WJ, Schubert W (eds) Proceedings World Tunnel Congress ‘97. Tunnels for People, Vienna, pp 455–460
  Bilgin N, Dincer T, Copur H (2002) The performance prediction of impact hammers from Schmidt hammer rebound values in Istanbul metro tunnel drivages. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 17:237–247CrossRef
  Blindheim OT, Bruland A (1998) Boreability testing, Norwegian TBM tunneling 30 years of experience with TBMs in Norwegian tunneling. Norwegian Soil and Rock Engineering Association Publication No. 11, Trondheim, pp 29–34
  Comakli R, Kahraman S, Balci C (2014) Performance prediction of roadheaders in metallic ore excavation. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 40:38–45CrossRef
  Cook NGW, Hood M, Tsai F (1984) Observation of crack growth in hard rock by an indenter. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Abstr 21(2):97–107CrossRef
  Copur H (2010) Linear stone cutting tests with chisel tools for identification of cutting principles and predicting performance of chain saw machines. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47:104–120CrossRef
  Copur H, Tuncdemir H, Bilgin N, Dincer T (2001) Specific energy as a criterion for use of rapid excavation system in Turkish mines. Inst Min Metall Trans A Min Technol 110(A):149–157
  Copur H, Bilgin N, Tuncdemir H, Balci C (2003) A set of indices based on indentation test for assessment of rock cutting performance and rock properties. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 103(9):589–600
  Copur H, Balci C, Tumac D, Bilgin N (2011) Field and laboratory studies on natural stones leading to empirical performance prediction of chain saw machines. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 48(2):269–282CrossRef
  Dahl F (2003) DRI, BWI, CLI Standards, NTNU. Angleggsdrift, Trondheim
  Dahl F, Bruland A, Grov E, Nilsen B (2010) Trademarking the NTNU/SINTEF drillability test indices. Tunn Tunn Int 44–46. doi:10.​1016/​j.​tust.​2012.​08.​010
  Dahl F, Bruland A, Jakobsen PD, Nilsen B, Grov E (2012) Classifications of properties influencing the drillability of rocks, based on the NTNU/SINTEF test method. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 28:150–158CrossRef
  Davis JC (1973) Statistics and data analysis in geology. Wiley, New York, p 550
  Deketh HJR, Grima MA, Hergarden IM, Giezen M, Verhoef PNW (1998) Towards the prediction of rock excavation machine performance. Bull Eng Geol Environ 57:3–15CrossRef
  Demou SG, Olson RC, Wingquist CF (1983) Determination of bit forces encountered in hard rock cutting for application to continuous miner design. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations; 8748
  Dogruoz C, Bolukbasi N (2014) Effect of cutting tool blunting on the performances of various mechanical excavators used in low- and medium-strength rocks. Bull Eng Geol Environ 73:781–789CrossRef
  Dollinger GL, Handewith HJ, Breeds CD (1998) Use of the punch test for estimating TBM performance. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 13(4):403–408CrossRef
  Dursun AE, Bilim N, Comakli R, Gokay MK (2011) Correlation of rock brittleness and specific energy obtained from linear rock cutting tests. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, 12–14 October 2011, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, pp 83–848
  Eberhardt E, Stead D, Stimpson B, Read RS (1988) Identifying crack initiation and propagation thresholds in brittle rock. Can Geotech J 35(2):222–233CrossRef
  Eren Y (1993) Stratigraphy of autochthonous and cover units of the Bozdağlar massif NW Konya. Geol Bull Turkey 36:7–23
  Eren Y (1996) Pre-Alpine overthrusts in the north of Sille-Tatköy (Bozdağlar massif-Konya). Bull Geol Congr Turkey 11:163–169
  Fowell RJ, McFeat-Smith I (1976) Factors influencing the cutting performance of a selective tunnelling machine. In: Proceedings of Tunnelling’76 Symposium, 3–10 March 1976. I.M.M., London, pp 301–309
  Fowell RJ, Pycroft AS (1980) Rock machinability studies for the assessment of selective tunneling machine performance. In: Summers DA (ed) Proceedings of the 21st US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, 28–30 May 1980. University of Missouri, Rolla, pp 149–162
  Fowell RJ, Xu C, Chen JF (1991) The CCNBD test for cutting performance prediction. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Rock Mechanics, Aachen, pp 467–470
  George EA (1995) Brittle failure of rock material—test results and constitutive models. AA Balkema/Rotterdam/Brook field, pp 123–128
  Gokceoglu C (2002) A fuzzy triangular chart to predict the uniaxial compressive strength of Ankara agglomerates from their petrographic composition. Eng Geol 66:39–51CrossRef
  Gokceoglu C, Zorlu K (2004) A fuzzy model to predict the uniaxial compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of a problematic rock. Eng Appl Artif Intell 17(1):61–72CrossRef
  Goktan RM (1991) Brittleness and micro scale rock cutting efficiency. Min Sci Technol 13:237–241CrossRef
  Goktan RM, Yilmaz NG (2005a) A semi-empirical approach to cutting force prediction for point-attack picks. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 105(4):257–264
  Goktan RM, Yilmaz NG (2005b) A new methodology for the analysis of the relationship between rock brittleness index and drag pick cutting efficiency. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 105:725–733
  Gong QM, Zhao J (2007) Influence of rock brittleness on TBM penetration rate in Singapore granite. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 22:317–324CrossRef
  Görür N, Oktay FY, Seymen İ, Şengör AMC (1984) Paleotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, Central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neo-Tethyan closure. Geol Soc Lond Spec Pub 17:467–482CrossRef
  Grima MA, Babuska R (1999) Fuzzy model for the prediction of unconfined compressive strength of rock samples. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36(3):339–349CrossRef
  Hamilton HW, Handewith HJ (1971) Apparatus and method for testing rock. United State Patent Office, No. 3618369
  Hucka V, Das B (1974) Brittleness determination of rocks by different methods. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 11:389–392CrossRef
  Inyang HI (2002) Developments in drag bit cutting of rocks for energy infrastructure. Int J Surf Min Reclam Environ 16(4):248–260CrossRef
  ISRM (2007) In: Ulusay R, Hudson JA (eds) The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006. Turkey, Ankara
  Kahraman S (2002) Correlation of TBM and drilling machine performance with rock brittleness. Eng Geol 65:269–283CrossRef
  Kahraman S, Balci C, Yazici S, Bilgin N (2000) Prediction of the penetration rate of rotary blast hole drills using a new drillability index. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 37(5):729–743CrossRef
  Koçyiğit A (1984) Intra-plate neotectonic development in Southwestern Turkey and adjacent areas. Bull Geol Soc Turkey 27:1–16
  Matern N, Hjelmer A (1943) Försök med pågrus (‘‘Tests with Chippings’’), Medelande nr. 65, Statens väginstitut, Stockholm, p 65. (English summary, pp 56–60)
  McFeat-Smith I, Fowell RJ (1977) Correlation of rock properties and the cutting performance of tunneling machines. In: Proceedings of a conference on rock engineering, CORE-UK, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, pp 581–602
  NTH-Anleggsdrift (1994) Hard Rock Tunnel Boring, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, Project Report 1–94
  NTNU-Anleggsdrift (1998) Hard Rock Tunnel Boring, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, Report 1B-98
  Pang SS, Goldsmith W (1990) Investigation of crack formation during loading of the brittle rock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 23:53–63CrossRef
  Protodyakonov MM (1963) Mechanical properties and drillability of rocks. In: Proceedings of the 5th Symposium Rock Mechanics, University of Minnesota, pp 103–118
  Rostami J, Ozdemir L, Neil D (1994) Performance prediction, a key issue in mechanical hard rock mining. Min Eng 11:1264–1267
  Roxborough FF (1973) Cutting rock with picks. Mining Engineering, pp 445–455
  Schwartz AE (1964) Failure of rock in the triaxial shear test. In: Proceedings of sixth symposium rock mechanics Rolla Missouri, pp 109–135
  Singh SP (1986) Brittleness and the mechanical winning of coal. Min Sci Technol 3:173–180CrossRef
  Su O, Akcin NA (2011) Numerical simulation of rock cutting using the discrete element method. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 48:434–442CrossRef
  Szwedzicki T (1998) Draft ISRM suggested method for determining the indentation hardness index of rock materials. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 35(6):831–835CrossRef
  Tiryaki B (2006) Evaluation of the indirect measures of rock brittleness and fracture toughness in rock cutting. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 106:407–423
  Tiryaki B (2008) Application of artificial neural networks for predicting the cuttability of rocks by drag tools. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 23:273–280CrossRef
  Tiryaki B, Dikmen A (2006) Effects of rock properties on specific cutting energy in linear cutting of sandstones by picks. Rock Mech Rock Eng 39(2):89–120CrossRef
  Tiryaki B, Boland JN, Li XS (2010) Empirical models to predict mean cutting forces on point-attack pick cutters. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47:858–864CrossRef
  Tumac D (2014) Predicting the performance of chain saw machines based on Shore scleroscope hardness. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47:703–715CrossRef
  Verhoef PNW, Ockeloen JJ, Van Kesteren WGM (1996) The significance of rock ductility for mechanical rock cutting. In: Aubertin M, Hassani F, Mitri M (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd North American Rock Mech Symp (NARMS), Montreal, vol 1. Balkema, pp 709–716
  Vihtuk AA (1998) Determination of strength of solid porous body. Acta Phys Pol A 93(Suppl):S71
  McFeat-Smith I, Fowell RJ (1979) The selection and application of roadheaders for rock tunnelling. In: Proceedings 4th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, Atlanta, AIME, New York, pp 261–80
  Yagiz S (2002) Development of rock fracture and brittleness indices to quantify the effects of rock mass features and toughness in the CSM Model basic penetration for hard rock tunneling machines, Ph.D. thesis, Colorado School of Mines, USA
  Yagiz S (2003) A model for prediction of TBM performance in hard rock condition. In 56th Geological congress of Turkey in abstract book. MTA General Directory, Ankara
  Yagiz S (2004) Correlation between uniaxial compressive strength and brittleness of selected rock types. In 57th Geological congress of Turkey in abstract book. MTA General Directory, Ankara
  Yagiz S (2006) TBM performance prediction based on rock properties. In: Cotthem AV, et al. (eds) EUROCK’06-multiphysics coupling and long term behavior in rock mechanics, pp 663–670
  Yagiz S (2008) Utilizing rock mass properties for predicting TBM performance in hard rock condition. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 23(3):326–339CrossRef
  Yagiz S (2009) Assessment of brittleness using rock strength and density with punch penetration test. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 24(1):66–74CrossRef
  Yagiz S, Ozdemir L (2001) Geotechnical parameters influencing the TBM performance in various rocks. In program with abstracts, 44th annual meeting of AEG, technical session 10, engineering geology for construction practices, St. Louis
  Yarali O, Kahraman S (2011) The drillability assessment of rocks using the different brittleness values. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 26:406–414CrossRef
  Yilmaz NG, Yurdakul M, Goktan RM (2007) Prediction of radial bit cutting force in high-strength rocks using multiple linear regression analysis. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:962–970CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Arif Emre Dursun (1)
  M. Kemal Gokay (2)
  
  1. Occupational Safety and Health Department, Technical Science College, Selçuk University, Konya, 42075, Turkey
  2. Mining Engineering Department, Selçuk University, Konya, 42075, Turkey
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Civil Engineering
  
• 出版者：Springer Wien
• ISSN：1434-453X

文摘

Prediction of cuttability is a critical issue for successful execution of tunnel or mining excavation projects. Rock cuttability is also used to determine specific energy, which is defined as the work done by the cutting force to excavate a unit volume of yield. Specific energy is a meaningful inverse measure of cutting efficiency, since it simply states how much energy must be expended to excavate a unit volume of rock. Brittleness is a fundamental rock property and applied in drilling and rock excavation. Brittleness is one of the most crucial rock features for rock excavation. For this reason, determination of relations between cuttability and brittleness will help rock engineers. This study aims to estimate the specific energy from different brittleness values of rocks by means of simple and multiple regression analyses. In this study, rock cutting, rock property, and brittleness index tests were carried out on 24 different rock samples with different strength values, including marble, travertine, and tuff, collected from sites around Konya Province, Turkey. Four previously used brittleness concepts were evaluated in this study, denoted as B ₁ (ratio of compressive to tensile strength), B ₂ (ratio of the difference between compressive and tensile strength to the sum of compressive and tensile strength), B ₃ (area under the stress–strain line in relation to compressive and tensile strength), and B ₉ = S ₂₀, the percentage of fines (<11.2 mm) formed in an impact test for the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) model as well as B _9p (B ₉ as predicted from uniaxial compressive, Brazilian tensile, and point load strengths of rocks using multiple regression analysis). The results suggest that the proposed simple regression-based prediction models including B ₃, B ₉, and B _9p outperform the other models including B ₁ and B ₂ and can be used for more accurate and reliable estimation of specific energy.