An assessment of the net acid–base account following H2O2 oxidation of mine rock was established by chemical calculations based on the molar quantity of neutralizing cations (Na, K, Mg, Ca) and acid-generating S released during the Net Acid Generation (NAG) test. These neutralizing cations are derived from both silicates and carbonates; in carbonate-poor samples (ANCcarb < 5 kg H2SO4/t), however, the acid-neutralization capacity of silicate may be more important in neutralizing acidity than carbonate ANC. Testing is not recommended for samples that have significant concentrations of non-acid-forming S, non-neutralizing cations or non-acid-forming sulfide minerals, such as galena.