摘要
通过比较普通话和粤语的句末助词,本文论证普通话的"法"应分析为事件类句末助词,位处词汇层次,因而普通话和粤语都具备事件类句末助词。在制图理论的框架下,本文认为,词汇层次的右缘也应该有虚词,也就是事件类句末助词。通过本文的讨论,我们可窥探汉语句法结构的复杂性,并继续探讨句子边缘结构的句法性质。
By examining the distribution of sentence-final particles in Mandarin and Cantonese, it is argued in this paper that fa(法) in Mandarin should be analyzed as an event type sentence-final particle in the lexical layer, and hence both Mandarin and Cantonese should have the event type sentence-final particles, exhibiting the same hierarchy of the sentence-final particles in the clausal structure. Under the cartographic approach, it is proposed that in addition to the complementizer layer and the inflectional layer, there should be functional categories in the right periphery of the lexical layer, i.e. the event type sentence-final particles, in human languages. If the analysis presented in this paper is on the right track, we may have deeper understanding of the complexity of the syntactic structure in Chinese and further explore the interesting syntactic properties of the clausal periphery.
引文
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(1)例(5)的“他”,所处的层次对本文的分析关系不大,不作仔细分析,暂时安放于词汇层次内。
(2)本文暂不考虑怎样推导出“法”作为中心语的词序,权宜假设中心语居后的结构。
(3)有关“法”的历时发展及其在句法结构所扮演的角色,请参考邓思颖(2019)的讨论。
