摘要
三峡库区由于特殊的地理位置及生态脆弱性,其重金属污染状况备受关注。以三峡库区重庆段为研究区域,利用多目标调查数据,在分析土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Hg、Pb和Zn等8种重金属积累特征的基础上,运用多元统计分析、污染指数法、潜在生态风险评估法以及层次分析法与加权平均评价模型法等方法进行了重金属来源分析和污染评价。研究结果表明:三峡库区重庆段表层土壤中8种重金属的平均含量顺序为:Cr(81.45 mg·kg~(-1))>Zn(71.6 mg·kg~(-1))>Ni(31.54 mg·kg~(-1))>Pb(25.27 mg·kg~(-1))>Cu(23.53 mg·kg~(-1))>As(7.39 mg·kg~(-1))>Cd(0.21 mg·kg~(-1))>Hg(0.06 mg·kg~(-1));多元统计分析表明Cd和Cr含量主要受到人为活动的影响,Ni、Zn和Cu含量则主要受到区域地质背景的影响,Hg、Pb和As则受到两者的共同影响。各综合评价方法结果趋于一致,均表明大部分样品(>84.9%)的重金属污染水平属于清洁或轻度污染水平,只有少数样品(<15.1%)达到中度或重度污染水平,这些样品主要采集于巫山、涪陵、忠县境内。综合分析,认为忠县和涪陵境内土壤出现中度或重度重金属污染主要受其工业生产的影响,巫山境内则主要受到其成土母质的影响。研究结果可为三峡库区土地可持续利用和生态发展提供基础数据与理论依据。
The soils heavy metal pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area has been greatly concerned due to this region's special geographical position and ecological vulnerability. In this study,a total of 3085 soil samples collected from the Chongqing section of this area were analyzed with eight types of heavy metals( As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Hg,Pb,and Zn). The heavy metals source and pollution assessment were examined by four methods,which including multivariate statistic analysis, pollution indexes methods, ecological risk evaluation, and analytic hierarchy process( AHP) combined with the weighted average evaluation model. The results showed the order of the eight heavy metals average concentrations is,Cr( 81. 45 mg·kg-1) > Zn( 71. 6 mg·kg-1) > Ni( 31. 54 mg·kg-1) > Pb( 25. 27 mg·kg-1) > Cu( 23. 53 mg·kg-1) > As( 7. 39 mg·kg-1) > Cd( 0. 21 mg·kg-1) > Hg( 0. 06 mg·kg-1). Multivariate statistic analysis showed the Cd and Cr pollutions were mainly influenced by human activities,whereas the Ni,Zn,and Cu pollutions were mainly affected by the region geological backgrounds,the pollution of Hg,Pb and As were influenced by both human activities and geological backgrounds. The analyzed results through other three methods had no significant difference to the Multivariate statistic analysis results. All the assessments showed the most samples( >84. 9%) heavy metal pollution fell into low pollution ranges,only less than15. 1% soil samples reached middle-level or high polluted levels,and these samples were mainly collected from Wushan,Fuling,and Zhongxian. The results of this study could provide background data and theoretical support for the land sustainable utilization and ecological development of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
引文
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