摘要
PET/CT及PET/MR近年来已被应用于前列腺癌的临床检测。通过应用不同的显像剂,PET/CT及PET/MR可以评估前列腺癌的糖代谢、脂质代谢、受体变化等生物学改变,在前列腺癌的诊断、指导治疗及预后评估等方面相对于常规检测手段有独特的优势和良好的效果。近年来,许多新的放射性标记物不断被引入临床,给前列腺癌的诊断及治疗带来更广阔的应用前景。本文主要对前列腺癌正电子显像剂的临床研究及应用进展进行综述。
PET/CT and PET/MR have been applied to the clinical detection of prostate cancer in recent years.They can evaluate the biological changes such as glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism and receptor changes in prostate cancer by using different positron imaging agents,which brings PET/CT and PET/MR unique advantages in the diagnosis,evaluation and prognosis evaluation of prostate cancer compared with conventional imaging methods.The clinical application of many new radiotracers in recent years have brought a breakthrough and broader application foreground for PET/CT and PET/MR in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.This article mainly reviews the clinical research and application progress of positron imaging agents in prostate cancer.
引文
[1] Han SJ,Zhang SW,Chen WQ,et al.Analysis on the current status and epidemic trend of prostate cancer in China[J].Chinese Clinical Oncology,2013,18(4):330-334.
[2] Chen J,Xu DF,Gao Y,et al.Survival and prognostic analysis and influencing factors of three commonly used treatments for prostate cancer[J].China Oncology,2009,19(7):512-516.
[3] Hovels AM,Heesakkers RA,Adang EM,et al.The diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI in the staging of pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer:A meta-analysis[J].Clin Radiol,2008,63(4):387-395.
[4] Briganti A,Abdollah F,Nini A,et al.Performance characteristics of computed tomography in detecting lymph node metastases in contemporary patients with prostate cancer treated with extended pelvic lymph node dissection[J].Eur Urol,2012,61(6):1132-1138.
[5] Kitajima K,Murphy RC,Nathan MA,et al.Update on positron emission tomography for imaging of prostate cancer[J].Int J Urol,2014,21(1):12-23.
[6] Jadvar H,Ye W,Groshen S,et al.[F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT of the normal prostate gland[J].Ann Nucl Med,2008,22(9):787-793.
[7] Chang CH,Wu HC,Tsai JJ,et al.Detecting metastatic pelvic lymph nodes by 18F-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomogarphy in patients with prostate-specific antigen relapse after treatment for localized porstate caneer[J].Uorl Int,2003,70(4):311-315.
[8] Salminen E,Hogg A,Binns D,et al.Investigations with FDG-PET scanning in prostate cancer show limited value for clinical practice[J].Acta Oncol,2002,41(5):425-429.
[9] Liu Y,Zuckier LS,Ghesani NV.Dominant uptake of fatty acid over glucose by prostate cells:A potential new diagnostic and therapeutic approach[J].Anticancer Res,2010,30(2):369-374.
[10] Jadvar H.Molecular imaging of prostate cancer with PET[J].J Nucl Med,2013,54(10):1685-1688.
[11] Brown AM,Lindenberg ML,Sankineni S,et al.Does focal incidental 18F-FDG uptake in the prostate gland have significance[J]?Abdom Imaging,2015,40(8):3222-3229.
[12] Souvatzoglou M,Eiber M,Takei T,et al.Comparison of integrated whole-body[11C]choline PET/MR with PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2013,40(10):1486-1499.
[13] Piert M,Park H,Khan A,et al.Detection of aggressive primary prostate cancer with 11C-choline PET/CT using multimodality fusion techniques[J].J Nucl Med,2009,50(10):1585-1593.
[14] Wetter A,Lipponer C,Nensa F,et al.Evaluation of the PET component of simultaneous 18F choline PET/MRI in prostate cancer:Comparison with 18F choline PET/CT[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2014,41(1):79-88.
[15] Hung JC.Bringing new PET drugs to clinical practice:A regulatory perspective[J].Theranostics,2013,3(11):885-893.
[16] Park H,Wood D,Hussain H,et al.Introducing parametric fusion PET/MRI of primary prostate cancer[J].J Nucl Med,2012,53(4):546-551.
[17] Wetter A,Lipponer C,Nensa F,et al.Simultaneous 18F choline positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate:Initial results[J].Invest Radiol,2013,48(5):256-262.
[18] Wetter A,Nensa F,Schenck M,et al.Combined PET imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging of intermediate and high-risk primary prostate carcinomas with simultaneous[18F] choline PET/MRI[J].PLoS One,2014,9(7):e101571.
[19] De Perrot T,Rager O,Scheffler M,et al.Potential of hybrid 18F-fluorocholine PET/MRI for prostate cancer imaging[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2014,41(9):1744-1755.
[20] Piert M,Montgomery J,Kunju LP,et al.18F-choline PET/MRI:The additional value of PET for MRI-guided transrectal prostate biopsies[J].J Nucl Med,2016,57(7):1065-1070.
[21] Kim YI,Cheon GJ,Paeng JC,et al.Usefulness of MRI-assisted metabolic volumetric parameters provided by simultaneous 18F-fluorocholine PET/MRI for primary prostate cancer characterization[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2015,42(8):1247-1256.
[22] Choi JY,Yang J,Noworolski SM,et al.18F fluorocholine dynamic time of-flight PET/MR imaging in patients with newly diagnosed intermediate-to high-risk prostate cancer:Initial clinical pathologic comparisons[J].Radiology,2017,282(2):429-436.
[23] Mhawech-Fauceglia P,Zhang S,Terracciano L,et al.Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)protein expression in normal and neoplastic tissues and its sensitivity and specificity in prostate adenocarcinoma:An immunohistochemical study using multiple tumour tissue microarray technique[J].Histopathology,2007,50(4):472-483.
[24] Silver DA,Pellicer I,Fair WR,et al.Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues[J].Clin Cancer Res,1997,3(1):81-85.
[25] Bander NH.Technology insight:Monoclonal antibody imaging of prostate cancer[J].Nat Clin Pract Urol,2006,3(4):216-225.
[26] Eder M,Sch?fer M,Bauder-Wüst U,et al.68Ga-complex lipophilicity and the targeting property of a urea-based PSMA inhibitor for PET imaging[J].Bioconjug Chem,2012,23(4):688-697.
[27] Rauscher I,Maurer T,BeerA J,et al.Value of 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC PET for the assessment of lymph node metastases in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence:Comparison with histopathology after salvage lymphadenectomy[J].J Nucl Med,2016,57(11):1713-1719.
[28] Boreta L,Xu M,Wu SY,et al.Location of recurrence by gallium-68 PSMA PET scan in prostate cancer patients eligible for salvage radiation therapy[J].Int J Radiat Oncol,2017,99(2):S98.
[29] Habl G,Sauter K,Schiller K,et al.68Ga-PSMA-PET for radiation treatment planning in prostate cancer recurrences after surgery:Individualized medicine or new standard in salvage treatment[J].Int J Radiat Oncol,2017,99(2):S98-S99.
[30] Pfob CH,Ziegler S,Graner FP,et al.Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC-a PSMA specific probe for PET imaging of prostate cancer[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2016,43(11):1962-1970.
[31] Freitag MT,Radtke JP,Hadaschik BA,et al.Comparison of hybrid 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the evaluation of lymph node and bone metastases of prostate cancer[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2016,43(1):70-83.
[32] Zechmann CM,Afshar-Oromieh A,Armor T,et al.Radiation dosimetry and first therapy results with a 124I/131I-labeled small molecule (MIP-1095)targeting PSMA for prostate cancer therapy[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2014,41(7):1280-1292.
[33] Kambiz R,Matthias W,Hojjat A,et al.Advantage of 18F-PSMA-1007 over 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging for differentiation of local recurrence vs.urinary tracer excretion[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2018,45(6):1076-1077.
[34] Giesel FL,Will L,Paddubny K,et al.[18F]PSMA-1007 PET improves the diagnosis of local recurrence and lymph node metastases in a prostate cancer patient with a history of bilateral hip arthroplasty[J].Clin Genitourin Canc,2018,16(2):111-113.
[35] Giesel FL,Will L,Kesch C,et al.Biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer:Initial results with 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT[J].J Nucl Med,2018,59(4):632-635.
[36] Robinson D,Van Allen EM,Wu YM,et al.Integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer[J].Cell,2015,161(5):1215-1228.
[37] Taylor BS,Schultz N,Hieronymus H,et al.Integrative genomic profiling of human prostate cancer[J].Cancer Cell,2010,18(1):11-22.
[38] Banerjee SR,Pomper MG.Clinical applications of gallium-68[J].Appl Radiat Isotopes,2013,76(SI):2-13.
[39] Behr SC,Aggarwal R,Seo Y,et al.A feasibility study showing [68Ga]citrate PET detects prostate cancer[J].Mol Imaging Biol,2016,18(6):946-951.
[40] Beltran H,Prandi D,Mosquera JM,et al.Divergent clonal evolution of castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer[J].Nat Med,2016,22(3):298-305.
[41] Mohsen B,Giorgio T,Rasoul ZS,et al.Application of C-11-acetate positron-emission tomography (PET)imaging in prostate cancer:Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature[J].BJU Int,2013,112(8):1062-1072.
[42] Vees H,Buchegger F,Albrecht S,et al.18F-choline and/or 11C-acetate positron emission tomography:Detection of residual or progressive subclinical disease at very low prostate-specific antigen values (<1 ng/ml)after radical prostatectomy[J].BJU Int,2007,99(6):1415-1420.
