摘要
目的:通过对南充地区2116名≥55岁居民患阿尔茨海默病(AD)的横断面调查,了解南充地区AD流行病学情况,探讨AD可能的危险因素及保护因素,为制定AD防控措施提供参考依据。方法:采取多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取南充地区10个社区(县)≥55岁居民,第一阶段采用简易智能量表(MMSE),辅助调查问卷表(一)进行面对面筛查;第二阶段采用美国国立老化研究所与美国阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组诊断标准进行临床诊断。采用SPSS统计学软件进行数据处理,行相关的流行病学统计和影响因素分析。结果:共纳入调查对象2116名:(1)AD患病率为3.45%;(2)将上述可能的危险因素及保护因素采用卡方检验,结果显示:不同年龄段、不同文化程度、是否丧偶、是否有抑郁症、是否低纤维饮食、社会活动是否多、性格是否开朗、是否打麻将、是否贫困的调查对象AD患病率差异有统计学意义,均P<0.05;对单因素分析中有统计学意义的相关因素采取Logistic回归分析,结果显示年龄是否≥65岁(OR=1.863)、是否有抑郁症(OR=3.959)、是否贫困(OR=3.994)、社会活动是否多(OR=0.525)等因素对AD患病率的影响有统计学意义,均P<0.05。结论:1)四川南充地区AD患病率较国内部分地区稍高。2)AD患病率与年龄是否≥65岁、是否有抑郁症、是否贫困、社会活动是否多密切相关,提示年龄≥65岁、抑郁症、贫困可能是其危险因素,有益多参加社会活动可能是其保护因素。
Object This study was aimed to probe into the epidemiological situation of Alzheimer's disease(AD) in Nanchong area and the correlation between etiology, risk factors and protective factors and AD, which can contribute to make policy for prevention and control of AD. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 2,116 persons. Methods With the multistage stratified random cluster sampling method, respondents who were in line of the standard of the study were selected from 10 communities(counties) in Nanchong. By the simple intelligent scale(MMSE) and the survey questionnaire(I), face-to-face screening was performed. Based on the diagnostic criteria of the national institute on aging and the AD association diagnostic guidelines writing group, clinical diagnosis was done. SPSS statistical software was employed for data processing, relevant epidemiological statistics and analysis of influencing factors. Results The data from 2,116 respondents were analyzed. 1) The prevalence was3.45%; 2) Chi-square test included the above risk factors and protective factors indicated that that the degree of different ages, different cultures, whether a spouse, whether to have depression, whether a low fiber diet, whether social activities, character is more cheerful, whether to play mahjong, whether a spouse,whether poverty of respondents AD prevalence difference was statistically significant, P<0.05; Statistical significance was found in the single factor analysis of related factors for Logistic regression analysis, the results showed that whether the age 65 OR higher(OR = 1.863), if there is a depression(OR = 3.959),whether poverty(OR = 3.994), and whether social activities more(OR = 0.525), and other factors on the AD prevalence was statistically significant, the influence of both P<0.05. Conclusion 1) The prevalence of AD in northeastern Sichuan is slightly higher than that in some parts of China. 2) Prevalence with age is greater than or equal to 65 AD, is there a depression, whether poor, whether social activities more closely related to that age 65 or higher, depression, poverty, may be the risk factors for AD; Social activities may be the protective factors.
引文
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