摘要
通过对辽河三角洲273个上三角洲平原湿地表层沉积物及100个浅海湿地表层沉积物的粒度和常量元素的系统测试,且对其中的128个表层沉积物样进行了球囊霉素蛋白(GRSP)的提取与分析,揭示了研究区GRSP、粒度、常量元素分布和风化特征及其控制机制,研究表明:上三角洲平原湿地表层沉积物以砂质粉砂和粉砂为主,而浅海湿地表层沉积物由于受潮汐及波浪的淘洗作用影响,颗粒较粗以粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂为主;研究区常量元素以SiO_2和Al_2O_3含量最高,其它元素平均含量均小于5%,且除了CaO外,其它常量元素与沉积物粒度呈显著相关(p<0.01);值得注意的是,本研究发现有植被覆盖的上三角洲平原湿地地区的风化指数(CIA=58.50)显著地高于浅海湿地沉积物的风化指数(CIA=50.17,p<0.05)以及近基岩山区的风化指数(CIA=52,p<0.05),Na/K值与CIA指数分析表明该区从近基岩山区、浅海湿地至有植被覆盖的上三角洲平原湿地依次呈未受化学风化、初等化学风化和中等化学风化过渡特征,且CIA值与GRSP含量呈显著相关(r=0.47,p<0.01),由此揭示了生物作用在地质体风化过程的重要意义。
Objectives: In order to reveal the relationship among the particle size,major elements,glomalin-related soil protein( GRSP) distributions,and to explore weathering characteristics and the control mechanism in Liaohe river Delta.Methods: 373 surface sediments across the upper delta plain wetlands( UDPW) and shallow-sea wetlands( SSW) were collected from study area. The particle size were tested by Master sizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer,and major elements of surface sediments were tested by Axios PW4400 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,GRSP analyses used Coomassie plus( Bradford) assay method.Results: The averaged mean grain size( Mz) of sediment in the SSW was 5.22 ± 0.14 Ф,significantly larger than that in the UDPW. Six types were identified for the SSW and river channel,less concentrated than UDPW,where presenting mainly sandy silt and silt,and indicating less sorting degree.The contents of SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 were the highest in the study area,and the average contents of other elements were generally less than 5%. With the exception of CaO,other constant elements were significant correlated with sediment particle size( p < 0. 01);Notably,the mean value of chemical index of alteration( CIA = 58.50) of the vegetated UDPW were significantly higher than that of the SSW( CIA = 50.17,p<0.05) and the flooding area,where is near bedrock mountains( CIA= 52.00,p<0.05).Moreover,the CIA values were significant correlated with GRSP content( r = 0.47,p<0.01).Conclusions: The surface sediments of the UDPW are mainly sand silt and silt,while,the surface sediments of the SSW are mainly silty sand and sandy silt due to the influence of tide and wave actions.The contents of CaO、Na_2O and K_2O in the UDPW were higher than SSW.There were the high correlations between chemical element and grain size.The Na/K ratio and CIA index analyses showed that the sediments in the LHD wetlands were experienced three weathering stages,namely,unweathering,primary and moderate weathering. Moreover,the correlations between CIA values and GRSP content revealed that the important significant role of biological processes in the mineral weathering,and presumably the AMF have made an significant contribution to the nutrient retains in this region.
引文
操应长,宋玲,王健,李俊良,刘明全,方勇.2011.重矿物资料在沉积物物源分析中的应用---以涠西南凹陷古近系流三段下亚段为例.沉积学报,29(5):835~841.
曹立成,姜涛,王振峰,张道军,孙辉.2013.琼东南盆地新近系重矿物分布特征及其物源指示意义.中南大学学报(自然科学版),44(5):1971~1981.
陈骏,安芷生,刘连文,季峻峰,杨杰东,陈旸.2001.最近2.5Ma以来黄土高原风尘化学组成的变化与亚洲内陆的化学风化.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),31(2):136~145.
杜德文,石学法,孟宪伟,程振波,陈志华,熊应乾.2003.黄海沉积物地球化学的粒度效应.海洋科学进展,(1):78~82.
付玲,关平,赵为永,王牧,张英,卢静文.2013.柴达木盆地古近系路乐河组重矿物特征与物源分析.岩石学报,29(8):2867~2875.
方习生,石学法,王昆山,程振波,王湘芹.2006.琉球群岛以东海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征.海洋科学进展,24(1):9~16.
冯连君,储雪蕾,张启锐,张同钢.2003.化学蚀变指数(CIA)及其在新元古代碎屑岩中的应用.地学前缘,10(4):539~544.
官宝聪,雷怀彦,林炳煌,柳浩然,史跃中,林建宁.2010.泉州湾表层沉积物元素特征及其地球化学意义.台湾海峡,29(1):58~65.
顾效源,鲁青原,叶思源,赵广明,丁喜桂,袁红明,杨士雄,何磊,王锦.2016.黄河三角洲进积与滨海湿地地质环境演替模式.地质论评,62(3):682~692.
和政军,牛宝贵,任纪舜.2005.陕南山阳地区刘岭群砂岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造背景分析.地质科学,40(4):594~607.
蒋富清,李安春.2002.冲绳海槽南部表层沉积物地球化学特征及其物源和环境指示意义.沉积学报,20(4):680~686.
李学杰,汪品先,廖志良,陈芳,霍振海.2008.南海西部表层沉积物碎屑矿物分布特征及其物源.中国地质,35(1):123~130.
李徐生,韩志勇,杨守业,陈英勇,王永波,杨达源.2007.镇江下蜀土剖面的化学风化强度与元素迁移特征.地理学报,62(11):1174~1184.
刘广虎,李军,陈道华,刘坚.2006.台西南海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(5):61~68.
李国刚,胡邦琦,李军,布如源,杨敏,窦衍光.2012.山东半岛沿岸海域表层沉积物的常量元素及其地质意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,32(3):45~54.
李小妹,严平,钱瑶,吴伟.2017.西拉木伦河流域地表沉积物粒度、化学元素分布特征.干旱区研究,34(1):191~199.
刘建峰,李锦轶,迟效国,曲军峰,胡兆初,郭春丽.2014.内蒙古东南部早三叠世花岗岩带岩石地球化学特征及其构造环境.地质学报,88(9):1677~1690.
刘成禹,何满潮.2011.对岩石风化程度敏感的化学风化指数研究.地球与环境,39(3):349~354.
马宏伟.2015.辽河三角洲全新世以来的环境演变.地质论评,61(z1):687~688.
乔培军,邵磊,杨守业.2006.南海西南部晚更新世以来元素地球化学特征的古环境意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(4):59~65.
谭元隆,乔彦松,赵志中,王燕.2013.成都平原风尘堆积的化学风化特征及其古气候意义.地质力学学报,19(1):26~34.
吴艳宏,李世杰.2004.湖泊沉积物色度在短尺度古气候研究中的应用.地球科学进展,19(5):789~792.
王兆夺,于东生.2015.泉州湾表层沉积物粒度与元素地球化学特征分析.应用海洋学学报,34(4):568~579.
余少华,周洋,谢叶彩.2015.珠江三角洲ZK316钻孔孢粉组合及沉积环境意义.地质论评,61(z1):766~767.
朱永官,段桂兰,陈保冬,彭新华,陈正,孙国新.2014.土壤-微生物-植物系统中矿物风化与元素循环.中国科学:地球科学,44(6):1107~1116.
赵小明,刘圣德,张权绪,吴健辉.曾波夫,廖宗明,杨刚忠,李方会.2011.鄂西长阳南华系地球化学特征的气候指示意义及地层对比.地质学报,85(4):576~585.
张威,董应巍,于洋,刘蓓蓓,李永化,李媛媛,王美霞.2013.辽南黄土化学风化特点及其环境意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,33(5):163~171.
Bradford M M,1976.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding.Analytical Biochemistry,72:248~254.
Cao Yingchang,Song Ling,Wang Jian,Li Junliang,Liu Mingquan,Fang Yong.2011&.Application of heavy mineral data in the analysis of sediment source:a case study in the Paleogene lower submember of the third member of the Liushagang Formation,Weixinan depression.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,29(5):835~841.
Cao Licheng,Jiang Tao,Wang Zhenfeng,Zhang Daojun,Zhang Hui.2013&.Characteristics of heavy minerals and their implications for Neogene provenances evolution in Qiongdongnan Basin.Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),44(5):1971~1981.
Chen Jun,An Zhisheng,Liu Wenlian,Ji Junfeng,Yang Jiedong,Chen Yang.2001#.Chemical composition of eolian dust in the Loess plateau and chemical weathering in the asian inland since 2.5 Ma.Science in China(Series D),31(2):136~145.
Du Dewen,Shi Xuefa,Meng Xianwei,Cheng Zhenbo,Chenzhihua,Xiong Yingqian.2003&.Geochemical granularity effect of sediment in the Yellow Sea.Advances in Marine Science,21(1):78~82.
Folk R L,Ward W C.1957.Brazos river bar:A study in the signification of grain size parameters.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,27:3~27.
Fu Ling,Guan Ping,Zhao Weiyong,Wang Mu,Zhang Ying,Lu Jingwen.2013&.Heavy mineral feature and provenance analysis of Paleogene Lulehe Formation in Qaidam Basi.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(8):2867~2875.
Fang Xisheng,Shi Xuefa,Wang Kunshan,Cheng Zhenbo,Wang Xiangqin.2006&.Geochemical characteristics of surficial sediment elements from the sea area east of the Ryukyu Islands.Advances in Marine Science,24(1):9~16.
Feng Lianjun,Chu Xuelei,Zhang Qirui,Zhang Tenggang.2003&.CIA(chemical index of alteration)and its applications in the Neoproterozoic Clastic Rocks.Earth Science Forntiers,10(4):539~544.
Guan Baocong,Lei Huaiyan,Lin Binghuang,LiuHaoran,Shi Yuezhong,Lin Jiannin.2010&.Elemental characteristics and geochemical significance of surface sediments in Quanzhou Bay.Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,29(1):58~65.
Gu Xiaoyuan,Lu Qingyuan,Ye Siyuan,Zhao Guangming,Ding Xigui,Yuan Hongming,Yang Shixiong,He Lei,Wang Jin.2016&.Deltaic progradation and geo-envrionmental succesion of coastal wetlands in the Yellow River delta.Geological Review,62(3):682~692
He Zhengjun,Niu Baogui,Ren Jishun.2005&.Tectonic discrminations of sandstones geochemistry from the middle-late Devonian Liuling Group in Shanyang area,Southern Shanxi.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(4):594~607.
Houben D,Sonnet P.2012.Zinc mineral weathering as affected by plant roots.Appl.Geochem.,27:1587~1592.
Johansen A,Jakobsen I,Jensen E S.1993.Hyphal transport by a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of N applied to the soil as ammonium or nitrate.Biol Fert Soils,16:66~70.
Jiang Fuqing,Li Anchun.2002&.Geochemical characteristics and their implications to provenance and environment of surface sediments from the south Okinawa Trough.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,20(4):680~686.
Li Xuejie,Wang Pinxian,Liao Zhiliang,Chen Fang,Huo Zhenhai.2008&.Distribution of clastic minerals of surface sediments in the western China Sea and their provenance.Geology in China,35(1):123~130.
Li Xusheng,Han Zhiyong,Yang Shouye,Chen Yingyong,Wang Yongbo,Yang Dayuan.2007&.Chemical weatheing intensity and element migration features of the Xiashu Loess profile in Zhenjiang.Acta Geographica Sinica,62(11):1174~1184.
Liu Guanghu,Li Jun,Chen Daohua,Liu Jian.2006&.Geochemistry of surface sediments in the Taixinan(Southwestern Taiwan)Sea area in the Northeastern South China Sea.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,26(5):61~68.
Li Guogang,Hu Bangqi,Li Jun,Bu Ruyuan,Yang Min,Dou Yanguang.2012&.Geochemistry of major elements in the surface sediments of the offshore area of Shandong Peninsula and its geological implications.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,32(3):45~54.
Li Xiaomei,Yan Ping,Qian Yao,WuWei.2017&.Spatial distribution of grain size and chemical elements in surface sediments in the Xar Moron river basin.Arid Zone Research,34(1):191~199.
Liu Jianfeng,Li Jinyi,Chi Xiaoguo,Qu Junfeng,Hu Zhaochu,Guo Chunli.2014&.Petrological and geochemical characteristics of the early Triassic granite belt in Southeastern Inner Mongolia and its tectonic setting.Acta Geologica Sinica,88(9):1677~1690.
Liu chengyu,He Manchao.2011&.Research on the sensitive chemical weathering indices to rock weathering.Earth and Environment,39(3):349~354.
Mclennan S M.1993.Weathering and global denudation.Journal of Geology,101(2):295~303.
Ma Hongwei.2015#.Environmental evolution since the Holocene in Liaohe delta,Geological Review,61(z1):687~688
Nesbitt H W,Markovics G,Price R C.1980.Chemical processes affecting alkalis and alkaline earths during continental weathering.Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,44(11):1659~1666.
Nesbitt H W,Young G M.1982.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites.Nature,299(5885):715~717.
Nesbitt H W,Young G M.1984.Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations.Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,48(7):1523~1534.
Nesbitt H W,Young G M,Mclennan S M,Keays R R.1996.Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments,with implications for provenance studies.Journal of Geology,1996,104(5):525~542.
Qiao Peijun,Shao Lei,Yang Shouye.2006&.The paleoenvironmental significance of the character of the element geochemistry in the southwestern South China Sea since Late Pleistocene.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,26(4):59~65.
Smith S E,Read D J.2008.Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.3rd ed.:Academic press.
Tan Yuanlong,Qiao Yansong,Zhao Zhizhong,Wang Yan.2013&.Chemical weathering characteristics and paleoclimatic significance of the eolian deposits in Chengdu Plain.Journal of Geomechanics,19(1):26~34.
Treseder K K,Turner K M.2007.Glomalin in ecosystems.Soil society of America Journal,71(4):1257~1266.
Wang B,Qiu Y L.2006.Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants.Mycorrhiza,16(5):299~363.
Wright S F,Upadhyaya A.1996.Extraction of an abundant and unusual protein from soil and comparison with hyphal protein of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Soil Sci.,161:575~586.
Wentworth C K.1922.A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments.Journal of Geology,0(5):377~392.
Wu Yanhong,Li Shijie.2004&.Significance of Lake sediment Color for short time scale climate Variation.Advances in Marine Science,19(5):789~792.
Wang Zhaoduo,Yu Dongsheng.2015&.Analysis on the grain size and the geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in Quanzhou Bay.Journal of Applied Oceanography,34(4):568~579.
Yu Shaohua,Zhou Yang,Xie Yecai.2015#.Spore-pollen assemblage and its significance of sedimentary environment from ZK316 borehole in the Pearl River Delta.Geological Review.61(z1):766~767.
Zhu Xiaomin,Duan Guilan,Chen Baodong,Peng Xinhua,Chen Zheng,Sun Guoxin.2014#.Mineral weathering in soil microorganism plant system element cycle.Science China,44(06):1107~1116.
Zhao Xiaoming,Liu Shengde,Zhang Quanxu,Wu Jianhui,Zeng Bofu,Liao Zongming,Yang Gangzhong,Li Fanghui.2011&.Geochemical characters of the Nanhua System in Changyang,Western Hubei Province and its implication for climate and sequence correlation.Acta Geologica Sinica,85(4):576~585.
Zhang Wei,Dong Yingwei,Yu Yang,Liu Beibei,Li Yonghua,Li Yuanyuan,Wang Meixia.2013&.Chemical weathering of the loess in the South of Liaoning province and its implications for environmental change.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,33(5):163~171.
