摘要
冰的附着和累积是常见自然现象,但给人类社会带来诸多不便甚至发生重大事故。抗结冰表面是当前研究的热点课题之一,其表面特性是影响结冰最为关键的因素。但是结冰条件的复杂性及结冰类型的多样性致使抗结冰材料的研究面临很大挑战,存在的稳定性差、应用条件局限性等诸多问题尚未解决,不能满足实际应用的需求。本文根据表面分子的柔性或滑移性对抗结冰性能的影响,提出了柔性抗结冰表面的概念,总结了柔性抗结冰表面的种类(本征柔性表面、缓释柔性表面、润滑柔性表面)及其抗结冰机理和近年来取得的一些重要研究成果,并对柔性抗结冰表面存在的问题进行了分析,以期为抗结冰材料的研究提供新的研究思路和方法。
The attachment and accumulation of ice, a common natural phenomenon, brings many inconvenience and even serious disaster to human society. The anti-icing surface is a hot topic in current research, and the surface structure and properties of materials are the key factors that influence the icing. But up to date, there still exist some problems, such as poor stability and limitation of application conditions, to be further comprehensively and systematically studied due to the complexity of icing conditions and the diversity of icing types. In the review, based on the relationships between the anti-icing properties and the molecule's flexibility or slippage of the material surface, the concept of the flexible anti-icing surface is proposed and the types and mechanisms of flexible anti-icing surfaces, including intrinsic surface, sustained release surface and lubrication surface are summarized. Furthermore,the research progress and prospects of various flexible anti-icing surfaces are emphatically described and the existing problems of these surfaces are particularly analyzed. The challenges and the prospective tendency of flexible anti-icing surfaces are also given according the current research.
引文
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