摘要
笛鲷属(Lutjanus)鱼类经济价值高,物种数量多,但外部形态保守,传统分类鉴定困难。为了解中国笛鲷属鱼类的物种多样性状况,测定了中国沿海19个地点11种笛鲷73个样本线粒体COⅠ基因5'端序列,并与从GenBank下载中国及邻近海域69条同源序列进行DNA条形码分析。研究表明,勒氏笛鲷(L. russelli)、金焰笛鲷(L. fulviflamma)、奥氏笛鲷(L. ophuysenii)、约氏笛鲷(L. johni)、蓝点笛鲷(L. rivulatus)、五线笛鲷(L. quinquelineatus)、千年笛鲷(L. sebae)、紫红笛鲷(L. argentimaculatus)、白斑笛鲷(L. bohar)、马拉巴笛鲷(L. malabaricus)、黄笛鲷(L. lutjanus)、印度笛鲷(L. indicus)、画眉笛鲷(L. vitta)、星点笛鲷(L. stellatus)、四带笛鲷(L. kasmira)、驼背笛鲷(L. gibbus)、焦黄笛鲷(L. fulvus)、红鳍笛鲷(L. erythopterus)等18种笛鲷142条COⅠ序列组成18个自展数据支持率(bootstrap)为99%～100%的单系分支,分支间平均遗传距离14.4%(2.9%～21.8%)约为分支内平均遗传距离0.17%(0～0.6%)的85倍,其中10种笛鲷独立成支,支持其物种有效性。勒氏笛鲷分成2小支,小支间平均遗传距离(2.9%)是小支内平均遗传距离(0.5%)的5.8倍,未满足"10×法则",其准确的物种分类地位尚待明确。印度笛鲷与勒氏笛鲷、画眉笛鲷与奥氏笛鲷出现混杂,推测从GenBank下载的印度笛鲷序列KF830898和KF830905可能来自勒氏笛鲷;画眉笛鲷序列KU943888可能来自奥氏笛鲷。中国近海星点笛鲷和蓝点笛鲷混杂且种间遗传距离仅为2.1%,接近一般种内遗传距离2%;红鳍笛鲷和马拉巴笛鲷遗传距离种间(0.3%)与种内(0.2%～0.3%)相当,且形态相似,推测是同一物种,也不排除它们存在种间杂交和为近期分化物种的可能。
Lutjanus is of highly economical importantance,but the wild resources have declined significantly in recent years. Although species identification is the premise of germplasm conservation,with conservative external morphological characters and rich species,the traditional morphological classification of the genus is difficult. To determine species status of some Lutjanus species in China,the 5' mitochondrial COⅠ gene sequences of 73 samples of 11 Lutjanus species from 19 locations in the coastal waters of China were sequenced,and 69 homologous sequences originated from China and adjacent waters were downloaded from GenBank,the combined analyses revealed that a total of 142 COⅠ sequences of 18 snappers(L. russelli,L.fulviflamma,L. ophuysenii,L. johni,L. rivulatus,L. quinquelineatus,L. sebae,L. argentimaculatus,L. bohar,L. malabaricus,L. lutjanus,L. indicus,L. vitta,L. stellatus,L. kasmira,L. gibbus,L. quinquelineatus,L.erythopterus) were composed of 18 distinct clades with 99% ～ 100% bootstrap support,and the average genetic distance among clades [14.4%(2.9% ～ 21.8%)] was about 85 times those within clades [0.17%(0 ～ 0.6%)]. Of which,sequences of 10 species were monophyletic,supporting their species status. L.russelli was further divided into 2 subclades,and the average genetic distance between subclades(2.9%) was 5.8 times those(0.5%) within subclades,which did not conform to the "10 × "rule,suggesting that their accurate species status remained to be determined. L. indicus and L. russelli,L. vitta and L. ophuysenii were intertwined respectively, it is deduced that GenBank downloaded L. indicus sequences KF830898 and KF830905 might be L. russelli,and L. vitta sequence KU943888 might be L. ophuysenii. L. stellatus and L.rivulatus were mixed in the same clade and the genetic distance between species was only 2.1%,which was close to the general genetic distance within species(2%). L. erythopterus and L. malabaricus were clustered in the same clade,the genetic distance between species(0.3%) was equivalent to the intraspecific genetic distance(0.2% ～ 0.3%),and the morphologyical characters were similar,thus they might be the same species,and the potential of interspecific hybridization and initial speciation should not be excluded.
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