摘要
目的探讨跳水项目运动员的力量素质特征,以期更好的完成力量训练。方法通过对广东优秀跳水运动员下肢膝、踝关节及躯干屈伸肌群等速肌力测试及三维测力台SJ、CMJ测试,测定跳水运动员各肌群肌力水平。结果跳板运动员与跳台运动员在年龄、身高、体重方面有着显著性差异,其基本规律为男板>女板>男台>女台(P<0.05);跳板运动员与跳台运动员在关节等速肌力水平、三维测力台SJ、CMJ测试结果上有着显著性差异,其基本规律为男板>女板>男台>女台(P<0.05);膝关节的屈伸快速力量比例在0.60左右,踝关节则在0.40左右,低于世界标准;相对于体能项目,跳水运动员受到年龄、体重等因素影响,力量水平一般,快速条件下膝、踝关节耐力水平一般,躯干耐力水平较好。结论跳水运动员下肢薄弱肌群为膝关节屈肌、踝关节伸肌、躯干伸肌,同时膝、踝关节屈伸比值过低,易导致运动损伤的发生。
Objective To explore the muscular strength features of elite divers, and to provide better plan for training individually. Methods Bilateral peak torque of flexors and extensors of knee, ankle and trunk in elite divers were tested by Cybex-NORM and SJ and CMJ were tested by AMTI Three-Dimensional force platform to study the myodynamia of different muscle groups. Results There were significant differences between platform and springboard athletes in age, bodyweight and height(P <0.05). Due to the differences of age,bodyweight between platform and springboard, the regular performance order was men's springboard ﹥women's springboard﹥men's platform﹥women's platform. Compared with platform athletes, muscular strength of springboard athletes were significantly higher at two velocities(P<0.05), the performance order was same as before. Knee flexor and extensor ratio of both legs were 0.60 and 0.40 respectively, it was a little lower than the normal range. Due to the differences of age, bodyweight, the muscular strength of divers were weak when compared with energy oriented programs athlete. Conclusion Weak muscles for divers were trunk extensor,knee flexor and ankle extensor. Knee flexor/extensor ratio of both legs were a little lower than the normal range. It was suggested that the strength of knee flexor was weak and may be a potential risk of injury.
引文
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