摘要
海沟等超深渊环境具备独特的"V"形地质构造、水动力环境及物质循环和能量流动体系,具有相比其他大洋环境更高的有机碳等生源要素的沉降通量和储碳效率,是海洋初级生产的巨大"捕获器"和有机碳的沉积汇,并作为连接深部生物圈与海洋的窗口和通道,在海洋和全球碳循环中扮演重要角色.对超深渊带的形成、分布、生境特征、内部碳循环、在全球碳循环中的潜在重要性及其对全球气候变化的可能响应进行了描述,重点从"物理水文—化学沉积环境—生物活动"耦合的角度,探讨独特生境特征影响下超深渊带中生源要素的生物地球化学过程,并对今后的发展趋势进行展望.
The hadal zone(e.g. trench) is characterized by its unique V-shaped geological structure, hydrodynamic environment and material and energy circulation system, has relatively higher deposition flux and burial efficiency of biogenic elements(e.g.carbon) compared with other ocean environments. As the window and channel connecting the deep biosphere and the ocean, this unique area is the tremendous trapper of marine primary production and the sink of sedimentary organic carbon, and plays a very important role in the ocean and global carbon cycling. In this paper, the advances of the formation, distribution, living environment characteristics, internal carbon cycling, potential importance in the global carbon cycling and possible responses to the global climate change of the hadal zone are reviewed, and the biogeochemical processes of biogenic nutrients influenced by the living environment in the hadal zone are mainly discussed, from the point of coupling of"physical hydrology-chemical sedimentary environment-biological activity". And the outlook of the developing tendency in the hadal zone is summarized.
引文
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