摘要
【目的】探讨喀斯特山区野生葡萄幼苗的抗旱性,为野生葡萄种质资源的利用及抗旱葡萄基因的挖掘提供参考。【方法】以原产贵州的葡萄属4个野生种7个单株,即毛葡萄(Vitis quinquangularis Rehd.)‘花溪-9’、‘花溪-4’、‘农院-11’和‘福泉-1’,腺枝葡萄(Vitis adenoclada Hand-Mazz)‘茂兰-11’,葛藟葡萄(Vitis flexuosa Thunb.)‘习水-4’和刺葡萄(Vitis davidii Fo3x)‘农院-1’为试材,以欧洲葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)‘红地球’和欧美杂种(Hybrid of V.viniferra×V.labrusca)‘水晶’2个栽培品种为对照,采用盆栽法,设置干旱胁迫8,16,24,32和40d共5个试验处理,观察植株的形态表现,并测定相关的生理指标,综合隶属函数法、主成分分析法评价野生葡萄各单株的抗旱性。【结果】干旱胁迫导致葡萄叶片失绿和翻卷,旱害症状和相对电导率(REC)明显增加,叶水势和叶片相对含水量(RWC)明显降低。其中,在干旱胁迫8d时,所有葡萄材料均未表现旱害症状;胁迫40d后,除‘花溪-9’和‘习水-4’表现为2级旱害症状外,其余试材均表现出3级旱害症状。随胁迫时间的延长,葡萄叶片相对含水量逐渐下降,与胁迫8d相比,‘习水-4’和‘花溪-9’的降幅最小,分别为9.82%和9.63%,而‘茂兰-11’和‘红地球’的降幅最大,分别为13.60%和12.94%。随胁迫时间的延长,葡萄叶片水势逐渐下降,与胁迫8d相比,‘茂兰-11’和‘红地球’在胁迫40d后叶水势降幅最大,分别达2.10和2.05MPa,而‘农院-11’和‘花溪-9’叶水势降幅最小,分别为1.18和1.19 MPa。干旱胁迫8d时,葡萄叶片REC值为13.19%～21.75%,随胁迫程度加深REC不断增大,干旱胁迫40d后葡萄叶片REC升高了38.28%～42.09%,其中‘花溪-9’叶片的REC最低,为51.80%,‘红地球’叶片的REC最大,为62.73%,二者相差10.93%。供试9份葡萄材料的抗旱性表现为‘花溪-9’>‘习水-4’>‘农院-11’>‘福泉-1’>‘农院-1’>‘水晶’>‘花溪-4’>‘茂兰-11’>‘红地球’。【结论】野生毛葡萄‘花溪-9’抗旱能力最强,葛藟葡萄‘习水-4’和毛葡萄‘福泉-1’、‘农院-11’也较为抗旱,可作为抗旱葡萄育种的种质资源。
【Objective】This study explored the drought resistance of wild Vitis seedlings in Karst region to provide reference for the utilization of wild grape germplasm resources and the mining of droughtresistant grape genes.【Method】Seven individuals of four wild Vitis verities originated in Guizhou including‘Huaxi-9',‘Huaxi-4',‘Nongyuan-11',‘Fuquan-1'(Vitis quinquangularis Rehd.),‘Maolan-11'(Vitis adenoclada Hand-Mazz),‘Xishui-4'(Vitis flexuosa Thunb.)and‘Nongyuan-1'(Vitis davidii Fo3x)were selected and‘Red globe'(V.vinifera L.)and‘Crystal'(Hybrid of V.vinifera×V.labrusca)were used as control.Five stress treatments of 8,16,24,32 and 40dwere set up for pot experiments to studymorphology,and morphological and physiological characteristics related to water stress.Then,the drought resistance was evaluated by comprehensive membership function and principal component analyses.【Result】Drought stress caused losing of green color and folding of leaves,significantly increased the symptoms of drought and electrical conductivity(REC),and significantly decreased the leaf water potential and relative water content(RWC).At 8dwithout watering,all grapes showed no drought symptoms,while two materials(‘Huaxi-9'and ‘Xishui-4')showed grade 2drought damage symptoms and the rest showed grade 3drought damage symptoms 40 dafter stress.With the extension of stress time,the relative water content of leaves decreased gradually.‘Xishui-4'and‘Huaxi-9'decreased the least by 9.82% and 9.63%compared to 8dafter stress,while ‘Maolan-11'and ‘Red globe'decreased the most by 13.60% and12.94%.With the extension of stress time,the leaf water potential gradually decreased.Compared with 8d drought stress,the leaf water potentials of‘Maolan-11'and ‘Red globe'declined the most by 2.10and2.05 MPa,while those of‘Nongyuan-11'and‘Huaxi-9'decreased the smallest by 1.18 and 1.19 MPa,respectively.Leaf conductivity of grape(REC)was 13.19%-21.75% under 8ddrought stress,and it increased continuously by 38.28%-42.09% under 40 ddrought stress.‘Huaxi-9'had the lowest REC of51.80%,while‘Red globe'had the largest of 62.73%,with the difference of 10.93%.Comprehensive evaluation showed that the drought resistance was in the order of‘Huaxi-9'>‘Xishui-4'>‘Nongyuan-11'>‘Fuquan-1'>‘Nongyuan-1'>‘Crystal'>‘Huaxi-4'>‘Maolan-11'>‘Red globe'.【Conclusion】V.quinquangularis‘Huaxi-9'had the strongest drought resistance,followed by V.flexuosa ‘Xishui-4'and V.quinquangularis‘Fuquan-1'and‘Nongyuan-11'.They all can be used as drought grape breeding germplasm resources.
引文
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