摘要
本研究在WRF(v3.8.1)中分别使用MODIS 21类和USGS 24类土地利用类型数据,模拟了新疆2017年7月9日的极端高温天气,并在对模拟温度进行了高度订正的基础上,对比了两种土地利用数据对2 m温度预报的影响。结果表明:(1)MODIS和USGS在新疆地区的土地利用差异主要在阿尔泰山、天山以及南疆西部的昆仑山北部海拔3000 m以上的高山带,相应地,使用USGS模拟的这些高山带2 m气温明显高于使用MODIS的模拟值,最高偏高12 K左右,是全疆范围内两者偏差的极大值。(2)就新疆区域而言,使用USGS模拟的2 m气温整体优于使用MODIS的模拟值,且USGS模拟的2 m温度整体低于MODIS模拟的2 m温度。两者与实况的偏差多在2 K以内。(3)在伊犁河谷,MODIS土地利用类型主要为"旱地/草地",USGS为"草地"和"农田/林地马赛克"。伊犁河谷代表站点2 m温度模拟多以高温偏低、低温偏高为主。(4)与MODIS相比,USGS中哈密地区"农田/林地马赛克"所占比重明显增大。哈密地区多数代表站点高、低温均以偏低为主。(5)站点温度的高度订正多以调低为主,调低幅度最大值为1.9 K,出现在伊犁河谷的尼勒克站。站点2 m温度的调整幅度整体上明显大于MODIS和USGS模拟2 m温度的差值,由此可见温度高度订正的必要性。
The land-use data types of MODIS-21 and USGS-24 are used in this study with WRF(V3.8.1) to simulate an extreme high temperature weather process occurred on July 9 th 2017 in Xinjiang. The effects of two land-use data on the simulation of the 2 m air temperature(T2 m) were further compared with a height correction 0.65 K/100 m upon T2 m. It is found that,firstly,the land use difference between MODIS and USGS in Xinjiang area is mainly in the alpine zone of the Tianshan Mountains and the northern Kunlun Mountains above 3000 meters over sea level. Accordingly,the temperature of these alpine zones with the USGS simulation is obviously higher than that of the model using MODIS. The maximum positive bias is about 12 K,which is also the maximum bias value in the whole Xinjiang. Secondly,T2 msimulated by USGS is generally better than that simulated by MODIS in Xinjiang,and T2 msimulated by USGS is lower than that simulated by MODIS,while both are within 2 K. Thirdly,the land-use type in the Ili River Valley is mainly "dry land/grassland"in the MODIS,while"grassland"and"farmland/woodland mosaic"in the USGS,and both of the maximum simulated temperatures are higher than that of truth while the minimum lower. Furthermore,compared with MODIS,the proportion of "farmland/woodland mosaic"in the Hami region increased significantly in USGS,and both of the simulations for the 2 m air temperatures in Hami are mainly lower than the truth. Finally,the height correction of site temperature is mainly reduction,and the maximum of the height adjustment is 1.9 K, appeared in the Nilka Station in the Ili River Valley. The height adjustment range is obviously greater than the difference between the MODIS and USGS simulated 2 m temperatures,which indicates the necessity of the height adjustment of simulated 2 m temperature.
引文
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