摘要
基于海量车载诊断系统(on-board diagnostic,OBD)数据,通过对车辆在限行日以及非限行日的车辆出行率变化、车辆的OD点变化、车辆的出行距离变化以及车辆的出行时段分布这几个方面展开分析,以探索城市限行措施对小汽车出行行为特征的影响。分析结果表明,在限行日样本车辆的出行率不足非限行日50%,其中35%的样本车辆不在限行日出行。出行距离的平均数及中位数对比非限行日减少了40%;通过对一周出行距离的计算,在这一周内限行措施使得北京市五环内路网平均每日减少13%的普通小汽车的车辆行驶里程。限行日的短距离出行频次占比也高于非限行日(44%vs 32%)。此外,部分车辆在限行日呈现"早出晚归"的出行特征以规避限行。这一点在具有通勤特征的车辆群体中表现得尤为明显;在限行日有41%出行频次发生在非限行时段,且"晚归"的比例远高于"早出"。由此也导致限行时段结束时(20:00)出现一个明显的车辆启动的高峰。
The effects of urban traffic restriction scheme was focused on. The travel rates,the OD distribution and the travel distance are analyzed by using OBD data. It is showed that on the day of travel restriction,the travel rate is reduced by 50%,and 35% of the vehicles stopped driving on that day. The average and median daily travel distance reduced by 40%. Based on the data of one week,it is showed that the average daily VMT in Beijing urban road network reduced by 13% under the influence of traffic restriction scheme. The percentage of short-distance trips on restriction day is higher( 44% vs 32%). In addition,some vehicles exhibit the trip characteristics of "set out early and return late"on restriction day,especially for the vehicle group with commuting characteristics,trip the trips concentrated within the unlimited time account for 41% on restriction day,and the proportion of "return late"is higher than "set out early". This also led to a significant peak hour at the begining of the unlimited time( 20: 00).
引文
1杨忠振,陈东旭.基于尾号空间分布的小汽车限行方案优化研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(1):235-240Yang Zhongzhen,Chen Dongxu.Optimization of travel ban scheme of cars based on the spatial distribution of the last digits in their number plates[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(1):235-240
2 Liu M J.Analysis on commuter's activity chain choice behavior[C]//Traffic and Transportation Studies(2008).Washington,D.C.:A-merican Society of Civil Engineers,2008:222-230
3高峰.私人小汽车出行属性分析方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007Gao Feng.On methodology of attribute analysis for private car users[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2007
4 Roorda M J,Tomás R.Long and short-term dy-namics in activity scheduling:A structural equations approach[J].Transportation Research Part A,2008,42(3):545-562
5 Tommy G,Daniel E,Peter L,et al.A conceptual analysis of the impact of travel demand management on private car use[J].Transport Policy,2002,9(1):59-70
6 Peter L,Tommy G,Bertil V.Mapping the potential consequences of car-use reduction in urban areas[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2005(13):135-150
7 Grange L D,Troncoso R.Impacts of vehicle restrictions on urban transport flows:The case of Santiago,Chile[J].Transport Policy,2011,18(6):862-869
8黄爱蓉,向郑涛,张涛,等.车辆信息实时监视系统的设计和实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2010,31(8):1839-1843Huang Airong,Xiang Zhengtao,Zhang Tao,et al.Design and implementation of vehicle information real-time monitoring system[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2010,31(8):1839-1843
9丁金全,刘应吉.基于OBD、GPS与3G技术的车辆性能远程监控系统[J].交通节能与环保,2011(3):53-56Ding Jinquan,Liu Yingji.Vehicle performance remote monitoring system based on OBD,GPS and 3G technology[J].Energy Conservation&Enviromental Protection in Transportation,2011(3):53-56
10谢江浩,彭忆强,黄志东,等.基于Android和车载OBD的车辆参数实时采集系统[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(2):61-66Xie Jianghao,Peng Yiqiang,Huang Zhidong,et al.Real-time data acquisition system for automobile based on OBD and android application[J].Journal of Xihua University(Natural Science Edition),2016,35(2):61-66
