摘要
水生植物是湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分,如何维持合理的植物群落结构是构建优良湖泊生态系统迫切需要解决的科学问题。基于水生植物生长的影响因素及水生植物调控理论依据分析,系统梳理了当前沉水植物调控技术的方法与结论。结果表明,调节水位变化、投放草食性鱼类、收割以及其他生物化学手段可以改变沉水植物的物理形态、生物量和群落结构,起到水生植物调控作用。大型湖泊的防洪、供水功能以及生态型的空间异质性,使水位调控、鱼类调控及生物化学调控措施受到一定的限制。与之相比,人工收割在控制收割目标和收割时间、方式方面具有较强的针对性,因此在进行大型湖泊沉水植物调控时具有更高的适应性。在当前研究背景下,需要进一步开展不同尺度的收割受控试验及原位试验,研究如何通过收割实现沉水植物群落结构和水平、垂向空间生物量的优化配置,这是充分发挥沉水植物改善水质功能的关键,也是湖泊生态系统优化提升的突破口。
Aquatic plant plays an important role in the lake ecosystem,its community structure is critical for a healthy ecosystem.The methods and conclusions of current research on submerged aquatic plants management are reviewed,according to the analysis of the factors affecting the growth of aquatic plants and theoretical basis for the management of aquatic plants.The results shows that water level,feeding of herbivorous fish,harvesting,and other biochemical methods can change physical form,biomass and community structure of submerged aquatic plants.However,spatial heterogeneity of ecological types and the functions of flood control and water supply have caused certain restrictions on these submerged aquatic plants management measures.In contrast,manual harvesting is more accuracy in controlling harvesting target,harvesting time and mode,and therefore has a higher adaptability for submerged aquatic plants management in large shallow lake.Under current research background,harvesting control experiment and in-situ experiment should be carried out to study how to achieve optimal configuration of submerged aquatic plants community structure and horizontal-vertical allocation of biomass through harvesting.This is the key to take advantage of purification function of submerged aquatic plants to improve water quality and the lake ecosystem.
引文
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