摘要
建设智能电网,加强配网建设是重中之重。要确保配网安全、经济、高效运行,就必须保证配网物资的及时供应。配网物资主要用于已经建设好的电网维护和新建设工程项目,而新建项目由于工程频繁变更导致所需物资需求变化较快,出现物资积压或短缺现象不可避免。基于约束理论,对国家电网Z省电力物资采购配送业务现状及流程进行分析发现,其中存在着采购周期过长、车辆装载率过低、配送路径不合理、查验周期超长等问题。为了提高电力物资企业的物资管理水平和物流效率,增强其核心竞争力,实现良好的经济效益和社会效益,应建立电力物资采购链信息平台,减小采购批量,缩短采购周期,彻底消除采购周期过长瓶颈;建立车辆配载模型、车辆路径规划模型和电力物资装载配送平台,通过装载可视化、配送智能化,提升车辆装载率和配送效率,缩短查验周期,建设高效、智能的电力物资采购配送系统。
The construction of intelligent grid and the strengthening of distribution network is the most important task for us.To ensure the safe,economic,and efficient operation of the distribution network,we must guarantee the timely supply of power materials. The power materials will mainly be used in the maintenance of grid that has been constructed and the construction of new project. But the frequent changes in the new project will lead to too much change in demand,which tends to create a shortage or excess of the required power materials. Based on the theory of constraints,the authors analyze the current situation of power material distribution and the process of that in Zhejiang province,it is found that there are problems such as excessive procurement cycle,low vehicle loading rate,unreasonable distribution route,and long inspection cycle. To improve the management level and logistic efficiency,enhance its core competitiveness,and realize better economic profit and social benefits,we should establish related information platform,reduce the lot size of procurement,shorten procurement cycle,improve the loading rate and distribution efficiency,shorten the cycle of examine,and construct the efficient and intelligent procurement and distribution system of power material.
引文
[1]陆阿妮.约束理论的思维流程在物流企业中的应用[J].市场周刊,2004(S2):77-79,60.
[2]GUPTA M,BOYD L,SUSSMAN L.A new approach to strategy formulation:opening the black box[J].Journal of education for business,2001,76(6):338-344.
[3]陈启申.约束理论[J].计算机集成制造系统,1998(5):51-55.
[4]唐帅.基于TOC的企业流程管理[J].知识经济,2008(8):81-82.
[5]刘晖.约束理论[J].中国市场,2010(3-4):38-39.
[6]孟辉.集成管理思想下的电力物资采购模式探讨[J].科技资讯,2017,15(35):101-102.
[7]宋斌,余向前,王琦,张洪青.基于集成管理思想的电力物资采购模式研究[J].中国市场,2013(42):19-20.
[8]陈子顺,王哲,石文豪,田骥骜.TRIZ和精益生产在约束理论中的应用[J].机械设计与制造,2018(12):68-71.
[9]江志斌,周利平.精益管理、六西格玛、约束理论等工业工程方法的系统化集成应用[J].工业工程与管理,2017,22(2):1-7.
[10]夏灿明,楼园,齐霄.约束理论在H公司生产系统的应用[J].数学的实践与认识,2016,46(13):93-102.
[11]GEHNING H,MENSCHNER K,MEYER M.A computer based heuristic for packing pooled shipment containers[J].European journal of operational Research,1990,44:277-288.
[12]COFFMAN E G,GAREY M R,JOHNSON D S.Approximation algornigthms for bin packing:a survey[C]//HOCH-BAUM D.Approximation algorithms for NP-Hard problems.Boston:PWS Publishing,1996:46-93.
[13]ABDOU G,MASRY M.Three-dimensional random stacking of weakly heterogeneous palletization with demand requirements and stability measures[J].International journal of production research,2000,38(14):3 149-3 163.
[14]LI S G,LEI L,SUN J P.On the multi-product packing-delivery problem with a fixed route[J].Transportation research,2006(10):1-11.
[15]LOH K H,BRUCE G,EDWARD W.Solving the one-dimensional bin packing problem with a weight annealing heuristic[J].Computers&operations research,2006,10(11):1-9.
[16]CARLO F.On the bin packing problem with a fixed number of object weights[J].European journal of operational research,2007,181(8):117-126.
[17]FRANCOIS C,JACQUES C,AZIZ M.A new exact method for the two-dimensional orthogonal packing problem[J].European journal of operational research,2007,183:1 196-1 211.
[18]井祥鹤,周献中,徐延勇.多型号平车装载问题的混合遗传算法[J].铁道学报,2006(6):10-15.
[19]陈晨,缪嘉嘉,李爱平,吴泉源.机动车辆装载问题的一种混合遗传算法实现[J].计算机应用研究,2007(9):34-36.
[20]许光泞,肖志勇,俞金寿.应用自适应遗传算法解决集装箱装载问题[J].控制与决策,2007(11):1 280-1 283,1 288.
[21]张德富,彭煜,朱文兴,陈火旺.求解三维装箱问题的混合模拟退火算法[J].计算机学报,2009,32(11):2 147-2 156.
[22]张磊,袁建清,郑磊.汽车整车配载与运输路线优化方案及算法研究[J].计算机技术与发展,2011,21(6):219-222.
[23]牟欣.物流配送中的车辆路径与车辆装载整合优化问题研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[24]王超,金淳,韩庆平.三维装载与CVRP联合多目标优化问题的模型及算法[J].控制与决策,2016,31(5):929-934.
[25]杨广全,马玉坤,刘飞.基于遗传算法的集装箱装车配载方案的优化[J].中国铁道科学,2014,35(6):124-130.
[26]BODIN L,GOLDEN B,ASSAD A,BALL M.Routing and scheduling of vehicles and crews:the state of art[J].Computers&operations research,1983(10):63-211.
[27]BAKER M B,AYECHEW M A.A genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem[J].Computers&operations research,2003,30:787-800.
[28]GANESH K,NARENDRAN T,CLOVES T.A cluster-andsearch heuristic to solve the vehicle routing problem with delivery and pick-up[J].European journal of operational research,2007,178(5):699-717.
[29]WILLIAM H,GEORGE T S,PING J,HENRY C W.A hybrid genetic algorithm for the multi-depot vehicle routing problem[J].Engineering applications of artificial intelligence,2007,6:1-10.
[30]ENRIQUE A,BERNABE D.Computing nine new best-sofar solutions for capacitated VRP with a cellular genetic algorithm[J].Information processing letters,2006,98(3):225-230.
[31]HIDEKI H,TOSHIHIDE I,SHINJI I,MUTSUNORI Y.The vehicle routing problem with flexible time windows and traveling times[J].Discrete applied mathematics,2006,154(6):2 271-2 290.
[32]邱荣祖,钟聪儿,修晓虎.基于GIS和禁忌搜索集成技术的农产品物流配送路径优化[J].数学的实践与认识,2011,41(10):145-152.
[33]徐优香.基于云计算的冷链物流配送车辆路径优化方法的研究[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2013.
[34]李东宝,王永良.应急物流配送路径优化问题研究[J].价值工程,2011,30(28):25-26.
[35]宋伟刚,张宏霞,佟玲.有时间窗约束非满载车辆调度问题的遗传算法[J].系统仿真学报,2005(11):24-28.
[36]李进,傅培华,李修琳,张江华,朱道立.低碳环境下的车辆路径问题及禁忌搜索算法研究[J].中国管理科学,2015,23(10):98-106.
[37]葛显龙,许茂增,王伟鑫.基于联合配送的城市物流配送路径优化[J].控制与决策,2016,31(3):503-512.
