摘要
对安徽省某硫铁矿尾矿区农田土壤、农作物进行重金属污染分析和风险评价,为硫矿区农田重金属污染风险管理与土地利用提供理论依据。布设30个采样点采集土壤及其毛豆样品,ICP-MS法测定Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb重金属全量,运用单因子指数、综合污染指数、潜在生态风险指数法和生物富集系数法对重金属污染程度进行评价。结果表明,研究区土壤p H值在3. 37～4. 60,均值为4. 03,土壤呈强酸性、酸性。比对安徽省土壤重金属背景值,研究区土壤已明显遭受外源重金属污染;比对GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》风险筛选值,受到Cd、Cu重金属污染,其中60%采样点Cu超标,76. 67%采样点Cd超标,但都远低于标准风险管制值;单因子污染指数评价结果显示该研究区农田以Cu、Cd污染为主;内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果表明研究区农田土壤总体已遭受重金属污染;潜在生态危害指数评价结果显示研究区土壤总体为轻微综合潜在生态危害,Cd在67%以上检测点为中等风险水平、10%为强风险水平。研究区农田农作物毛豆籽粒中Pb、Cd、As质量比均值未超过GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》规定的限量值,其对重金属的富集系数(EF)从大到小依次为Cd、Zn、Cu、As、Pb。
This paper is devoted to an analysis and evaluation of the heavy metal pollution and contamination of the farmland soil and crops in the tailings area of a pyrite mine in Anhui. For the said research purpose,we have collected and analyzed 30 sampling points through the soil and the soybean-grown samples. Thetotal concentration rates of the heavy metals in Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb have been identified and determined by using the ICPMS. And,then,we have made the evaluation of the features and degrees of the heavy metals pollution by means of the single pollution index( PI),the nemero synthesis pollution index( NPI)and the potential ecological risk index( PER). The final results of our investigation and determination demonstrate that the pH value of the soil in the area under study has been found ranging from 3. 37 to 4. 60 with its mean value of 4. 03,and the polluted soil being detected strongly acidic and general acidic. As compared with the background value of its heavy metals in the Province,the soil under study and analysis has been found contaminated seriously by exogenous heavy metals. On the other hand,as compared with the risk screening value of the soil environmental quality standard GB 15618—2018 illustrated by the state departments concerned,it can be said that the area under study has been subjected to the heavy metal pollution of Cd and Cu. Among them,in about 60% of the sampling points,Cu has been found about 76. 67% over the state-regulated standard of the sampling point,whereas Cd has also been found exceeding the state regulating standard,though they were much lower than the risk control indicator of GB 15618—2018. Furthermore,the results of the single factor pollution index evaluation indicate that the farmland in the study area has been dominated by Cu and Cd pollution. The evaluation results of nemero comprehensive pollution index indicate that the farmland soil in the area under study had been polluted by heavy metals,too. The evaluation results of the potential ecological hazard index prove that the soil in the area A under study has been experiencing slight comprehensive potential ecological hazard,with more than 67% of the test sites Cd being of a medium risk level,and 10% being at the strong risk one. But,in contrast,the average content rates of Pb,Cd and As in the farmland Pea sead in the area under study did not exceed the limited rate of the pollutants according to the national standard GB 2762—2017 for food safety. Besides,the enrichment factors of the heavy metals in the Pea sead in the area under study have been found in a descending order,that is,Cd >Zn > Cu > As > Pb. In summary,the farmland soils in the area under study have been found obviously polluted by heavy metals,with its overall pollution rate being from moderate to slight,mainly by Cu and Cd. The evaluation of the soil potential ecological hazard index in the area under study implies a slight comprehensive ecological hazard,in most of which Cd turns out to be moderate and intensive as the pollution risk factor.
引文
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