摘要
本试验使用禽用开放回流式呼吸测热装置进行能量代谢试验,探究木聚糖酶对肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮和玉米干酒精糟及其可溶物(DDGS)型饲粮净能值的影响。采用2×2双因子试验设计,饲粮类型(普通饲粮、玉米DDGS饲粮)和饲粮中添加木聚糖酶(0、0.2 g/kg)为2个主效应,共4个组。选用1日龄罗斯(ROSS) 308雄性雏鸡120只,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。试验分4期完成,每期31 d。每期测试1种饲粮,选用1日龄雄性雏鸡30只,1～20日龄在鸡舍内分栏饲养,1～14日龄饲喂商品基础饲粮,15日龄时换为试验饲粮一直到试验结束。21日龄称重后随机选择12只鸡放入呼吸测热装置的6个代谢室中,每个代谢室2只鸡,在代谢室中测定气体交换和排泄物共9 d,其中适应期3 d,呼吸测热3 d,绝食测热3 d,呼吸测热的同时进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:1)木聚糖酶可显著提高肉鸡的呼吸熵(P<0.05),可提高平均日增重和降低料重比(0.05≤P<0.10),对能量利用无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与普通饲粮相比,玉米DDGS饲粮可显著提高肉鸡的平均日采食量、料重比、耗氧量、呼吸熵、总产热量和代谢能摄入量(P<0.05),显著降低表观代谢能、净能及净能/表观代谢能(P<0.05)。3)木聚糖酶和饲粮类型的交互作用对肉鸡的代谢能摄入量和沉积能有显著影响(P<0.05)。本研究在肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮和30%玉米DDGS饲粮中添加0.2 g/kg木聚糖酶对饲粮净能值无显著影响。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of xylanase on net energy value of corn-soybean meal diet and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) diet for broilers by energy metabolism test using open-circuit respiratory calorimetry apparatus for poultry. According to 2 × 2 double factorial test design,diet type (common diet or corn DDGS diet) and diet xylanases (0 or 0.2 g/kg) as the two main factors,and4 groups were formed. A total of 120 ROSS 308 male broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 5 broilers per replicate. The test was divided into 4 periods and 31 days per period. One type of diet was used and thirty 1-day-old male broilers were selected per period. The broilers were raised in chicken houses with different pens from 1 to 20 days of age,and the broilers were fed a commercial basal diet from 1 to 14 days of age,then changed to test diets at 15 days of age until the end of test. Twelve broilers were randomly selected and placed in individual 6 respiratory chambers of respiratory calorimetry apparatus after weighed at 21 days of age,and 2 broilers per chamber. Gaseous exchange and excretion were measured in respiratory chambers for 9 days,including 3 days of adaptation period,3 days of respiratory calorimetry and 3 days of fasting heat measurement,and digestion metabolism test were carried out simultaneously. The results showed as follows: 1) xylanase significantly increased respiratory quotient (RQ) of broiler (P < 0. 05),increased average daily gain and decreased the ratio of feed to gain (F/G) (0.05≤P<0.10),and had no significant effect on energy utilization (P>0.05). 2) Compared with common diet,corn DDGS diet significantly increased average daily feed intake,F/G,O2 consumption,RQ,total heat production (THP) and metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of broilers (P< 0.05),and significantly decreased apparent metabolic energy (AME),net energy (NE) and the ratio of AM E to NE (P<0.05). 3) The interaction of xylanase and diet type had significant effects on M EI and deposition energy of broilers (P<0.05). In this study,corn-soybean meal diet and30% corn DDGS diet for broilers supplemented with 0.2 g/kg xylanase had no significant effect on NE value of diets.
引文
[1]吕知谦,黄冰冰,李藏兰,等.日粮纤维组成对生长猪净能和营养物质消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(2):65-69.
[2]何丽霞.木聚糖酶在鸡饲料中的代谢能当量值及其对养分消化率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2006.
[3]何丽霞,呙于明,赵剑,等.木聚糖酶在蛋鸡饲料中代谢能当量值的评定[J].中国畜牧杂志,2007,43(3):22-25.
[4]李平.国产不同生产工艺玉米DDGS生长猪能量与氨基酸消化率研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[5]贾连平,吕中旺,祁腾飞.干玉米酒糟在国内外的生产和应用现状[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(3):113-118.
[6]VAN MILGEN J,NOBLET J,DUBOIS S.Dynamic aspects of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in sw ine[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1997,78(3):397-410.
[7]MELOCHE K J,KERR B J,SHURSON G C,et al.Apparent metabolizable energy and prediction equations for reduced-oil corn distillers dried grains w ith solubles in broiler chicks from 10 to 18 days of age[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(12):3176-3183.
[8]SHIM M Y,PESTI G M,BAKALLI R I,et al.Evaluation of corn distillers dried grains w ith solubles as an alternative ingredient for broilers[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(2):369-376.
[9]WANG Z,CERRATE S,COTO C,et al.Use of constant or increasing levels of distillers dried grains w ith soluble(DDGS)in broiler diets[J].Poultry Science,2007,6(7):501-507.
[10]王金全,蔡辉益,陈宝江,等.小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能、免疫、消化器官发育和血液代谢激素水平的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2005,28(1):73-76,87.
[11]RUTHERFURD S M,CHUNG T K,MOUGHAN P J.The effect of a commercial enzyme preparation on apparent metabolizable energy,the true ileal amino acid digestibility,and endogenous ileal lysine losses in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(4):665-672.
[12]CHOCT M,HUGHES R J,TRIMBLE R P,et al.Nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed w heat of low apparent metabolizable energy[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1995,125(3):485-492.
[13]ZANELLA I,SAKOMURA N K,SILVERSIDES FG,et al.Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(4):561-568.
[14]杨嘉实,冯仰廉.畜禽能量代谢[M]北京:中国农业出版社,2004:31-33.
[15]LUMPKIN B S,BATAL A B,DALE N M.Evaluation of distillers dried grains w ith solubles as a feed ingredient for broilers[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(11):1891-1896.
[16]YOUSSEF I M I,WESTFAHL C,SNDER A,et al.Evaluation of dried distillers’grains w ith solubles(DDGS)as a protein source for broilers[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2008,62(5):404-414.
[17]MACLEOD M G.Fat deposition and heat production as responses to surplus dietary energy in fow ls given a w ide range of metabolisable energy:protein ratios[J].British Poultry Science,1991,32(5):1097-1108.
[18]MACLEOD M G,LUNDY H,JEWITT T R.Heat production by the mature male turkey(Meleagris gallopavo):preliminary measurements in an automated,indirect,open-circuit multi-calorimeter system[J].British Poultry Science,1985,26(3):325-333.
[19]SPRATT R S,MCBRIDE B W,BAYLEY H S,et al.Energy metabolism of broiler breeder hens.2.Contribution of tissues to total heat production in fed and fasted hens[J].Poultry Science,1990,69(8):1348-1356.
[20]JRGENSEN H,ZHAO X Q,KNUDSEN K E B,et al.The influence of dietary fibre source and level on the development of the gastrointestinal tract,digestibility and energy metabolism in broiler chickens[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1996,75(3):379-395.
[21]石学刚.木聚糖酶添加量与DDGS配比对肉鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009:38-41.
[22]BAREKATAIN M R,NOBLET J,WU S B,et al.Effect of sorghum distillers dried grains w ith solubles and microbial enzymes on metabolizable and net energy values of broiler diets[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(11):2793-2801.
[23]NOBLET J,SHI X S,DUBOIS S.Effect of body w eight on net energy value of feeds for grow ing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1994,72(3):648-657.
[24]SAKOMURA N K,SILVA R,COUTO H P,et al.M odeling metabolizable energy utilization in broiler breeder pullets[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(3):419-427.
[25]NOBLET J,MILGEN J V,DUBOIS S.Utilization of metabolizable energy of feeds in pigs and poultry:interest of net energy systems?[C]//Proceedings of the 21st Annual Australian Poultry Science Symposium.Sydney:Poultry Research Foundation,2010:26-35.
[26]高亚俐.回归法和饥饿法测定维持净能及0~3岁周龄艾维茵肉鸡净能需要量研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[27]李英.肉鸡采食量过低的影响因素[J].广东饲料,2015,24(7):50-52
[28]LIU W,LIU G H,LIAO R B,et al.Apparent metabolizable and net energy values of corn and soybean meal for broiler breeding cocks[J].Poultry Science,2016,96(1):135-143.
[29]OLUKOSI O A,COWIESON A,ADEOLA O.Energy utilization and grow th performance of broilers receiving diets supplemented w ith enzymes containing carbohydrase or phytase activity individually or in combination[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2008,99(3):682-690.
