摘要
Ag_3PO_4由于具有独特的活性而被广泛应用于光催化领域.然而,由于其光生电子和空穴的快速复合, Ag_3PO_4的光催化性能在几个循环之后显著下降,光腐蚀限制了它的实际应用.因此,亟需设计一种新型的复合光催化剂来抑制电子空穴对的快速复合.而Z型复合光催化剂可综合不同光催化剂的优点,克服单一光催化剂的缺点.Z方案体系使用两个窄带隙的催化剂取代宽带隙的光催化剂,从而可以捕获更多的光子.并且光催化剂的氧化还原反应分开进行,可以有效地防止电子和空穴的复合,从而大大提高复合光催化剂的性能.本文通过微波水热法和简单搅拌法成功地制备了Z机制WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4复合材料.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、N2吸附-解吸等温线、比表面积测定、紫外-可见光谱和光电流曲线等方法对WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4复合材料进行了表征.通过这些表征,我们确定了所研究的光催化剂物相高度匹配;确定了光催化剂的形貌:确定了复合光催化剂是复合物,而不是简单的混合物;确定了光催化剂中光生电子和空穴的结合、分离效率;研究了光催化剂的吸收边以及带隙.光催化降解测试发现, WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4复合材料在可见光下表现出优异的催化性能,这主要归因于WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4的协同作用.其中15%WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4的光催化活性最高,在4min内几乎将30m L20mol/L的次甲基蓝完全降解.并且,复合材料的稳定性也得到很大提升.经过5次循环反应后, 15%WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4的降解效率仍可以维持在88.2%.相比之下,纯Ag_3PO_4的降解效率仅为20.2%.这表明添加WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)可以显著提高Ag_3PO_4的耐光腐蚀性.最后,我们详细研究了Z-机制机理.在可见光照射下, Ag_3PO_4和WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)的表面产生电子-空穴对.WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)的光生电子首先转移到其导带,然后迁移到Ag_3PO_4的价带中与空穴结合.因此, Ag_3PO_4的光生电子和空穴被有效分离,光生电子连续转移到Ag_3PO_4的导带界面.这样, Ag_3PO_4的导带界面上积累了大量的电子,并且在WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)的价带界面中积累了大量的空穴.在空穴的作用下,–OH与h~+反应生成·OH,·OH与污染物甲基蓝反应生成CO_2和H_2O.同时,大量的H~+和O_2与电子反应,在Ag_3PO_4的导带界面处产生H_2O_2.之后, H_2O_2与电子反应产生·OH,·OH与甲基蓝反应形成CO_2和H_2O.这样,光生电子和空穴连续分离,大大提高了光催化反应速度,最终催化剂的光催化活性得到极大的提高.
Ag_3 PO_4 is widely used in the field of photocatalysis because of its unique activity. However, photocorrosion limits its practical application. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a solution to improve the light corrosion resistance of Ag_3PO_4. Herein, the Z-scheme WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4 composites are successfully prepared through microwave hydrothermal and simple stirring. The WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4 composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the degradation of organic pollutants, WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4 composites exhibit excellent performance under visible light. This is mainly attributed to the synergy of WO_3(H_2 O)_(0.333) and Ag_3 PO_4. Especially, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4 is the highest, and the methylene blue can be completely degraded in 4 min. In addition, the stability of the composites is also greatly enhanced. After five cycles of testing, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4 is not obviously decreased. However, the degradation efficiency of Ag_3 PO_4 was only 20.2%. This indicates that adding WO_3(H_2 O)_(0.333) can significantly improve the photoetching resistance of Ag_3 PO_4. Finally, Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism is investigated.
引文
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