摘要
为了明晰苹果专业合作社的空间位置和空间关系特征,给苹果产业格局的刻画和优势区域布局的调整提供新的视角和科学参考,基于GIS平台,结合CrimeStat、SPSS软件,综合运用空间分析和数理统计方法,探究陕西省苹果专业合作社的空间格局特征。结果表明:(1)苹果专业合作社的空间集聚显著,在区域、市域和县域的分布都不平衡,且存在尺度效应。随着空间尺度下降,其分布不均的现象加剧。(2)苹果专业合作社在渭河以北形成了4个面积不等、密度有差异、形状也不同的集聚区,其分布格局从侧面显示出全省苹果产业"北扩西进"战略的顺利实施。(3)苹果专业合作社的分布在全局上具有显著的空间自相关特征,在局域上存在空间集聚和空间异常现象。高值团聚在渭北旱塬与陕北黄土高原的过渡地带;低值聚簇区主要集中连片分布在秦巴山区;低-高异常值仅有1个。(4)苹果专业合作社与果业专业合作社分布的模式、主导方向和平均中心一致性明显,但前者的分布更为聚集,热点区大多地处渭北黄土高原;后者的热点区主要位于渭河沿线。(5)苹果专业合作社与苹果产量的空间格局整体上相似,两者的分布在不同尺度都具有强相关性,反映出区域苹果生产经营组织化程度与规模化水平之间的紧密关系。
In order to clarify the spatial characteristics of location and spatial relationship of apple specialized cooperatives,and provide a new perspective and scientific reference for the description of the apple industrial pattern and the adjustment of the dominant regional layout,this paper explores the spatial pattern characteristics of apple specialized cooperatives inShaanxi province by using spatial analysis and mathematical statistics,based on GIS platform combined with CrimeStat and SPSS software.The results showed that:(1)The spatial agglomeration of apple specialized cooperatives was significant,and the distribution of apple specialized cooperatives was unbalanced in regional,municipal and county areas,and there was scale effect.With the decrease of spatial scale,the phenomenon of uneven distribution increased.(2)Apple specialized cooperatives have formed four agglomeration areas with different areas,densities and shapes to the north of the Weihe river.The spatial distribution pattern of apple specialized cooperatives showed the smooth implementation of the strategy of"Northward Expansion and Westward Entry"in the whole province.(3)The spatial distribution of apple specialized cooperatives had remarkable spatial autocorrelation characteristics in the whole world,and there were spatial clustering and spatial anomalies in the local area.The high-value clustering occurs in the transition zone between Weibei dry plateau and northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau;the low-value clustering mainly distributes in Qinba Mountains;there was only one low-high anomaly.(4)The spatial distribution pattern,dominant direction and average center of apple specialized cooperatives and fruit specialized cooperatives were consistent,but the former was more concentrated,most of the hot spots were located in the northern Weihe Loess Plateau;the latter was mainly located along the Weihe river.(5)The spatial distribution pattern of apple production was similar to apple specialized cooperatives in general,and the spatial distribution pattern of them had strong correlation in different scales,which reflected the close relationship between the degree of organization of apple production and management and the level of scale.
引文
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