摘要
作为一个典型的高功率微波振荡器,过模返波管(backward wave oscillator,BWO)的束波互作用过程复杂,束流负载效应影响明显,但是作为振荡器本身,其本质就是一个正反馈电路,电子从阴极发射后,穿过谐振反射腔和慢波结构(slow-wave structure,SWS),在SWS区电子动能转化为微波能,其中的一部分微波反馈到谐振反射腔,实现对电子束的调制,其他微波通过后面输出端口向外辐射.本文根据这种正反馈机制,建立器件工作模式等效电路和束波互作用的自洽过程,从理论上给出正反馈机制对器件模式控制、起振电流等参数的影响,并模拟研究了这种反馈机制对模式控制的影响,由此设计了一个能够在(1 MV,20 kA)电子束条件下克服模式竞争的过模BWO,其微波输出功率为7.9 GW,频率为8.68 GHz,相应的效率为39.5%.
Internal field emission breakdown in the electro-dynamic structures of high-power microwave devices can seriously limit the devices' output power and pulse duration. So an over-sized backward wave oscillator(BWO)is developed to increase the diameter of the electro-dynamic structure beyond the cut-off radius, and reduce these internal fields to levels, which are below critical breakdown levels. As a typical high power microwave(HPM) device, the oversized BWO is widely used and investigated. But some interaction phenomena between the beam and the microwave field in the device are not clearly understood because the beam-loaded effect is so obvious. And the physical process for the interaction is also considered to be complicated. Here as an oscillator,the feedback process is very important in the microwave device, which includes the oversized BWO. So the interaction process between the beam and the oversized BWO is explored from the feed back process instead of the field in the device. Then the physical mechanism for the feedback process in the oversized BWO is explored both in theoretical investigation and in particle-in-cell simulation. And the equivalent circuit is established for such a purpose. The mode control mechanism is explored based on the equivalent circuit. Finally an over-sized backward wave oscillator with rectangular profile corrugations is designed to produce TM01 high power microwave radiation without mode-competition. An RF power of 7.9 GW at a frequency of 8.68 GHz is obtained in the particle in cell simulation driven by the beam with a beam voltage of 1 MW and a current of 20 kA, and the corresponding efficiency is 39.5%.
引文
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