摘要
目的调查分析某玻璃器皿生产项目存在的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,提出防护建议。方法采用职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测及职业健康检查法进行分析和评价。结果该项目存在的职业病危害因素有:化学因素(石灰石粉尘、白云石粉尘、矽尘、其他粉尘、氧化铝粉尘、炭黑粉尘、石墨粉尘、钴及其氧化物、硒及其化合物、碳酸钠、一氧化碳、铅烟、铬酸盐、镉及其化合物、丁酮、甲醛);物理因素(高温、噪声)。卸料岗位粉尘时间加权平均浓度(C_(TWA))合格,但超限倍数值最高达8.9;窑炉体、窑炉看火、窑炉地下室、成型机、钢化炉等检测点高温超标,重度或极重危害;成型机操作、钢化操作、保窑、拣选(C_(H16))等岗位噪声超标,其中成型机操作岗噪声L_(EX,8h)达100.4 d B。结论鉴于玻璃生产高温高噪声的工艺特点,在合理采取防护措施的前提下,加强设备维护及个人防护用品佩戴的管理。
[Objective] To investigate and analyze the occupational hazard factors and the degree of hazards in a glassware production project,put forward the protective suggestions.[Methods]The occupational health investigation,occupational health inspection and occupational health examination were adopted for the analysis and evaluation.[Results]The main occupational hazard factors in the project were chemical factors(limestone dust,dolomite dust,silicon dust,other dust,alumina dust,carbon black dust,graphite dust,cobalt and its oxides,selenium and its compounds,sodium carbonate,carbon monoxide,lead fume,chromate,cadmium and its compounds,butanone and formaldehyde) and physical factors(high temperature and noise).Concentration-time weighted average(C_(TWA))of dust in discharge post was qualified,but the excursion limit reached 8.9.The high temperature results in the detection points of kiln body,flam observation hole of kiln,basement of kiln,molding machine and tempering furnace exceeded the standard,which belonged to the severe or extreme harm.The noise intensity in posts of molding machine operation,tempering operation,securing kiln and picking(C_(H16)) exceeded the standard,and L_(EX,8 h) of the molding machine operating post reached 100.4 d B.[Conclusion]In view of characteristics of high temperature and high noise in glass production,it is necessary to strengthen the management in equipment maintenance and personal protective equipment on the basis of reasonable protection measures.
引文
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