摘要
目的调查并分析某特种合金企业存在的职业病危害因素。方法实施职业卫生现场调查和职业病危害因素检测。结果职业病危害因素主要有粉尘:炭黑粉尘、矽尘、合金粉尘、锌尘;化学因素:钴及其化合物、钨及其化合物、铬及其化合物、氨;物理因素:噪声、高温、工频电场。本次共检测3种化学有害因素,其中钴及其化合物和氨均超标;对接触噪声的42个作业点进行检测,其中6个岗位的噪声超标;对接触粉尘的22个作业点进行检测,其中3个岗位超标;对接触高温的11个作业点进行WBGT指数检测,结果有5个岗位超标。防护措施大部分符合国家要求及规范,但部分措施合理性和有效性欠佳。结论该企业为职业病危害严重企业,现阶段的职业卫生防护措施仍存在不足,应进一步采取防控措施并加强职业卫生管理和健康监护,确保劳动者健康。
Objective To investigate and analyze the occupational hazards in a special alloy enterprise. Methods On-site investigation of occupational health and detection of hazards related to occupational diseases were carried out. Results Occupational hazards were found in dust from carbon black, silicon, zinc, and alloy power; chemicals including cobalt and its compounds, tungsten and its compounds, and ammonia, and physical conditions such as noise level, temperature, electromagnetic field. This investigation found that among the three harmful chemicals detected, both ammonia and cobalt and its compounds exceeded the prescribed limits; 6 out of 42 locations were over the limit of allowed noise level; 3 out of 22 places with exposure to dust had higher than permitted dust concentration; among the 11 positions that often work under high temperature, the WBGT index were measured and found that temperatures at 5 positions exceeded the standard limit. Most of the protective measures were in line with national requirements and specifications, but some measures were not reasonable and effective. Conclusion The enterprise has significant risks for occupational diseases. At present, there are insufficient protections against occupational hazards. Further measures are needed to reduce the hazards, and management and monitoring of occupational health need to be improved to ensure the health of workers.
引文
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