摘要
本文阐明了崇左甘蔗螟虫发生规律和探索利用螟黄赤眼蜂防治蔗螟的田间效果,为应用该天敌控制螟虫危害提供参考。在崇左市龙州县连续两年开展了甘蔗螟虫人工合成性诱剂诱集成虫,监测其种群动态和释放螟黄赤眼蜂防治蔗螟的田间试验。结果表明,在崇左市诱集到的甘蔗螟虫种类以条螟和二点螟为主,黄螟少;2016年条螟成虫高峰期分别在3月下旬、5月下旬、7月中旬和8月下旬,2017年条螟成虫的高峰期在3月中旬、5月中旬、6月中旬和8月中旬;而二点螟主要诱集到第1代成虫,2016和2017年二点螟第1代成虫的高峰期分别在4月中旬和3月中旬,其他时期诱蛾数量少。释放螟黄赤眼蜂两年后,甘蔗田螟虫造成的枯心苗率和死尾率均控制在1.56%~8.76%,螟害节率控制在4.45%~7.39%,两年平均挽回产量和减少损失为15194.4 kg/hm2和18.68%,糖分含量增加1.18%~2.25%,甘蔗产糖量增加3529.9~3879.3 kg/hm2,可挽回蔗农经济损失7293.31元/hm2,平均每公顷可增加纯收入6873.25元。本研究表明释放螟黄赤眼蜂对甘蔗螟虫的田间防治效果和经济效益较显著。
Population dynamics of cane borer adults monitored by artificial synthetic sex pheromones and the control afforded by release of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii in Chongzuo were reported in this paper. The main sugarcane borers monitored by artificial synthetic sex pheromones were Chilo infuscatellus Snellen and C. sacchariphagus Bojer, while Tetramoera schistaceana(Snellen) occurred at a very low level. The adults C. sacchariphagus peaked in late March, late May, Mid July and late August in 2016 and in Mid March, Mid May, Mid June and Mid August in 2017. In contrast, C. infuscatellus adults were trapped mainly in the first generationand only a few were trapped in other periods. After two years' release of T. chilonis, the seedling dead heart rate and dead stem tail rate were between 1.56%―8.76%, damaged rates of cane stalk were 4.45%―7.39%. The average increase in yield and reduction of loss in the two years were 15194.4 kg/hm~2 and 18.68%, respectively, with sugar content increase of 1.18%―2.25% and sugar yield increase of 3529.9 kg/hm~2―3879.3 kg/hm~2. Farmer income increased by 7293.31 yuan/hm~2, and average net income increased by 6873.25 yuan/hm~2. This study indicated that the field control effect and economic benefits of releasing T. chilonis on sugarcane borer are more significant.
引文
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