摘要
选取北京市典型社区示范北小河公园内4种绿地结构类型及12种不同配置模式为研究对象,开展了对公园绿地的空气负离子、人体舒适度(温度、湿度、风速)、PM_(2.5)、减噪效果的四种主要生态保健因子的单项及综合保健效应定量研究与评价。结果表明:北小河公园春夏两季各样地的负离子浓度日变化均呈早晚低中午高的单峰趋势,秋冬两季变化趋势没有明显的规律。四季负离子浓度大小排序为:夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,各样地中夏季最高平均值为1 492.59个·cm~(-3),冬季最低平均值为380.76个·cm~(-3);PM_(2.5)浓度日变化除春季外,其他三季的均呈早晚高、中午低的日变化趋势;各样地消减能力排序为:春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,消减率范围为0.75%~13.65%;各类型绿地在春夏两季均有提高气候舒适性的作用,尤其在夏季作用较明显;各种绿地类型均有减噪效果最佳的宽度,其净衰率范围为0.17%~7.56%;以典型夏季数据进行的综合保健效果评价,最好的绿地结构类型为乔-灌-草和乔-草,灌-草和纯草类型次之。
The study selects the four kinds of different structure type of green spaces and 12 different configuration modes in typical demonstration community Beixiaohe park in Beijing as the research objects. The quantitative assessment of in both single and comprehensive way of health function of four major ecological health factors was carried out: air negative ions,environmental comfort degree( temperature,humidity and wind speed),PM_(2.5) and noise reduction effect. The main findings are as follows: Beixiaohe park in spring and summer of daily variation of negative ion concentration were unimodal trend of high at noon and low in the morning and evening,change trend in the autumn and winter seasons had no obvious regularity. Order for four seasons: spring > summer >autumn > winter,all kinds of summer a maximum average of 1 492. 59 cm~(-3),winter minimum average is 380. 76 cm~(-3). The results showed that diurnal variation characteristics of PM_(2.5) concentration in road green spaces was described by the double peak and single valley curve,which were high in morning and night and low in daylight order for four seasons: summer > spring > autumn > winter,with reduction rate ranging from 0. 75% to 13. 65%. Various structure types of green spaces would pose the effect of improving climate comfort in spring and summer,especially in the summer. different structure types of green spaces all have the function of noise reduction,but the effect varies. the scope of net decay rate is 0. 17% ~ 7. 56%. Study on comprehensive ecological health function analysis showed that: In summer,the structure types of green spaces with best integrated health function in Beixiaohe Park and Temple of Heaven Parkboth are arbor-shrub-grass and arbor-grass structure,followed by shrubgrass and pure grass.
引文
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