摘要
近些年来,生成词库论发展极为迅速,研究规模日益扩大。生成词库论视角下汉语研究的相关工作也在不断向前推进,取得了不少值得关注的研究成果。文章对目前汉语方面的研究成果进行回顾和总结,分别从语言本体、语言认知、语言计算和语言教学四个维度展示生成词库论在汉语上的研究和应用。对于汉语中一些不好描写和解释的旧问题,生成词库能够提供一种新的观察视角,同时对于扩大和深化汉语的相关研究课题也有一定的帮助。
In recent years,advances in the generative lexicon theory have been obvious,and,thanks to it,the research on Chinese has also made much progress with praiseworthy achievements.This paper gives a summary of the research findings concerning the Chinese language through the application of the generative lexicon theory,covering the four aspects of language ontology,language cognition,language computation and language teaching.The generative lexicon theory can provide a new perspective for solving some puzzling problems in Chinese studies and help further the research on the Chinese language.
引文
(1)Geeraerts,Dirk.Theories of Lexical Semantics[M].New York:Oxford University Press Inc,2010.
(2)Fellbaum,C.The Generative Lexicon by James Pustejovsky[J].Language,1997,(3).
(3)Geeraerts,Dirk.Theories of Lexical Semantics[M].New York:Oxford University Press Inc,2010.
(4)Huang,C-.R.&Ahrens,K.Individuals,kinds and events:classifier coercion of nouns[J].Language Sciences,2003,(25).
(1)Liu,Mei-chun,Chu-Ren Huang,Ching-Yi Lee.Lexical information and beyond:constructional inferences in semantic representation[R].Proceedings of the 13th pacific asia conference on language,information and computation,27~38.Taipei,Taiwan,1999.
(2)LinT-.H.JonahandLiuC-.Y.Cecilia.Coercion,Event structure,and syntax[J].Nanzan linguistics,2004,(2).
(3)张秀松.从生成词库论看汉语词的逻辑多义性[J].北方论丛,2008,(3).
(4)宋作艳.生成词库理论与汉语事件强迫现象研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015.
(5)袁野.构式压制、转喻和广义转喻框架[J].外国语言文学,2010,(3).
(6)张秀松,袁毓林,陈振宇,周强.基于情境网络的汉语亲属名词的语义描写体系[J].世界汉语教学,2011,(3).
(7)李强.从生成词库论看动词“写”与名词的组合[J].云南师范大学学报(对外汉语教学与研究版),2015,(2).
(1)Pustejovsky,J.The Generative Lexicon[J].Computational linguistics,1991,(4);Pustejovsky,J.The Generative Lexicon[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1995.
(2)Pustejovsky,J.Type Construction and the Logic of Concepts[A].In Pierrette Bouillon&F.Busa(Eds.),The Language of Word Meaning[C].Cambridge University Press,2001;Pustejovsky,J.Type theory and lexical decomposition[J].Journal of Cognitive Science,2006,(6).
(3)关于WordNet的相关内容,可参考Fellbaum,C.(ed.)WordNet:An Electronic Lexical Database[M].Cambridge,Massachusetts:MIT Press,1998.
(4)Pustejovsky,J.Type Construction and the Logic of Concepts[A].In Pierrette Bouillon&F.Busa(Eds.),The Language of Word Meaning[C].Cambridge University Press,2001;Pustejovsky,J.Type theory and lexical decomposition[J].Journal of Cognitive Science,2006,(6);Pustejovsky,J.Coercion in a general theory of argument selection[J].Lingusitics,2011,(6).
(5)Pustejovsky,J.Coercion in a general theory of argument selection[J].Lingusitics,2011,(6).
(1)Song Zuoyan&Zhao Qingqing.Annotating Qualia Relations and Types in Chinese Compound nouns[J].International Journal of Knowledge and Language Processing,2013,(3).
(2)Song Zuoyan&Qiu Likun.Qualia Relations in Chinese Nominal Compounds Containing Verbal Elements[J].International Journal of Knowledge and Language Processing,2013,(1).
(3)“道林”是最早生产道林纸的公司,体现了这种纸的来源;“石灰”是石头煅烧而产生的,“煅烧石头”产生“灰”。
(1)Song Zuoyan&Zhao Qingqing.Qualia Relations in Metaphorical Noun-Noun Compounds[R],Proceedings of the6th International Conference on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon,September 24~25,Pisa,Italy,2013.
(2)张斌.现代汉语描写语法[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010.
(3)Wang,Shan&Huang Chu-Ren.Adjectival Modification to Nouns in Mandarin Chinese:Case Studies on“cháng+noun”and“adjective+túshūguǎn”[R],Proceedings of The 24th Pacific Asia Conference on Language,Information and Computation(PACLIC24).November 4~7,Sendai,Japan.2010a;Wang,Shan&Huang Chu-Ren.Compositional Operations of Mandarin Chinese Perception Verb“kàn”:A Generative Lexicon Approach[R].Proceedings of the 24th Pacific Asia Conference on Language,Information and Computation(PACLIC 24).November 4~7,Sendai,Japan,2010b.
(1)“好图书馆”一般面积大、设施和书类齐全丰富、功能完善、建造质量好。
(2)李强.从生成词库论看动宾组合及其语义转喻[J].语言教学与研究,2017,(6).
(3)宋作艳.类词缀与事件强迫[J].世界汉语教学,2010,(4).
(4)Lin T.-H.Jonah and Liu C.-Y.Cecilia.Coercion,Event structure,and syntax[J].Nanzan linguistics,2004,(2).
(5)Liu,Mei-chun,Chu-Ren Huang,Ching-Yi Lee.Lexical information and beyond:constructional inferences in semantic representation[R].Proceedings of the 13th pacific asia conference on language,information and computation,27~38.Taipei,Taiwan,1999.
(1)Hsu Chan-Chia&Hsieh Shu-Kai.To Coerce or Not to Coerce:A Corpus-based Exploration of Some Complement Coercion Verbs in Chinese[R],Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon,September 24~25,Pisa,Italy.2013.
(2)宋作艳.生成词库理论与汉语事件强迫现象研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015.
(3)宋作艳.生成词库理论与汉语事件强迫现象研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015.
(4)李强.汉语形名组合的语义分析与识解---基于物性结构的探讨[J].汉语学习,2014,(5).
(5)Li,Q.Coercion of Locatives in Mandarin Chinese[A].in Chinese Lexical Semantics[C].Verlag Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2013.
(6)对于“事件名词”的介绍,可参考:韩蕾.现代汉语事件名词分析[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(5);Wang,Shan&Huang Chu-Ren.Type Construction of Event Nouns in Mandarin Chinese[R].Papers of the 26th Pacific Asia Conference on Language,Information and Computation(PACLIC 26):2012.
(1)Huang,C-.R.&Ahrens,K.Individuals,kinds and events:classifier coercion of nouns[J].Language Sciences,2003,(25).
(2)李强,袁毓林.量词“场”的事件量化功能分析[J].语言研究,2016,(4).
(3)Pylkkanen,L.&McElree,B.An MEG study of silent meaning.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,2007,(19).
(4)宋作艳.也谈与“的”字结构有关的谓词隐含[J].汉语学习,2014,(1).
(5)李强.谓词隐含、物性角色和“NP1+的+NP2”结构[J].语言研究,2014,(4).
(6)宋作艳.也谈与“的”字结构有关的谓词隐含[J].汉语学习,2014,(1).
(1)Wang,Shan&Huang Chu-Ren.A Generative Lexicon Approach to Possessive Relation of Mandarin Chinese[R].Paper presented at The Symposium Commemorating the 90th Anniversary of the Birth of Prof.Dexi Zhu and the 50th Anniversary of Prof.Jianming Lu’s Teaching,Peking University,Beijing,China,2010.
(2)Lakoff,G.&Johnson,M.Metaphors we live by[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980.
(3)李强.基于物性结构和概念整合的名词隐喻现象研究[J].语言教学与研究,2014,(6).
(1)可以参考Pustejovsky(1995:82)的图表。
(2)宋作艳.逻辑转喻、事件强迫与名词动用[J].语言科学,2013,(2).
(1)材料角色(material role)指的是创造名词所指事物所用的材料。该角色是袁毓林(2014)所扩展的6种物性角色中的其中一种。
(2)袁毓林.语义资源建设的最新趋势和长远目标---通过影射对比、走向统一联合、实现自动推理[J].中文信息学报,2008,(3).
(3)袁毓林.汉语名词物性结构的描写体系和运用案例[J].当代语言学,2014,(1).
(1)袁毓林,李强.怎样用物性结构知识解决“网球问题”?[J].中文信息学报,2014,(5).
(2)“网球问题”指怎样把racquet(网球拍)、ball(网球)和net(球网)之类具有情境联想关系的词汇概念联系起来、发现它们之间的语义和推理关系。这是自然语言处理领域中一个非常棘手的问题。详见Fellbaum,C.(ed.)WordNet:An Electronic Lexical Database[M].Cambridge,Massachusetts:MIT Press,1998.
(3)魏雪.面向语义搜索的汉语名名组合的自动释义研究[D].北京大学硕士研究生学位论文,2012.
(1)李强,袁毓林.从生成词库论看名词的词典释义[J].辞书研究,2016,(4).
(2)李强,袁毓林.基于物性角色的同义名词辨析方法探讨[J].世界汉语教学,2014,(4);李强,袁毓林.服务于国际汉语教学的同义名词辨析查询系统建设[J].对外汉语研究,2015.
(1)Gordard D.&Jayez J.Towards a Proper Treatment of Coercion Phenomena[A]i.nProceedings of the 6th Conference of the European Chapter of the ACL[C].Utrecht:OTS Utrecht,1993;Johnston,M.&Busa,F.Qualia Structure and the Compositional Interpretation of Compounds[A].In E.Viegas(ed.)Breadth and Depth of Semantic Lexicons[C].Dodrecht:Kluwer Academic,1999;Im,Seohyun&Lee,Chungmin.Type Construction of Nouns with the Verb ha-'do'[A].In Language,Information,and Computation:Proceedings of the 16th Pacific Asia Conference[C].Jeju,Korea,2002;Nishiguchi,Sumiyo.Application of Event Semantics to Qualia Structure of Nouns for Disambiguation of Japanese Postposition No[A].In Proceedings of Conference of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics(PACLING2009)[C].Sapporo,Japan,2009.
(2)Jayez,Jacques.Underspecification,context selection,and generativity[A].In Bouillon&Busa(ed.)The Language of word meaning[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
