摘要
波德莱尔、马拉美、兰波这三位象征主义诗人都有人格解体的经历,他们通过冥想、异常的感觉或者麻醉品达到这种精神状态。人格解体的体验使他们的幻觉写作具有实证性,这让他们的诗歌创作和理论在虚构之外,拥有真实感受的基础,在正常的想象力之外,拥有病态的心理内容。人格解体给象征主义神秘主义美学带来了新的理解,象征主义美学虽然主要是唯心主义的,但它并不完全是自然主义的反动,它本身具有现实主义的特征。
The three Symbolist poets, Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, and Arthur Rimbaud all had experienced depersonalization disorder, and they went through such a mental state by means of meditation, abnormal sensation, or drugs. The feeling of depersonalization gave their hallucinatory writings a substratum of reality, which in turn ensures that their poems and theories can convey actual feelings despite their fictionality and celebrate morbid sensations beyond normal imagination. A close look at the issue of depersonalization could generate a new understanding of the Symbolist mysticism: although Symbolism is mainly regarded as an exemplar of Idealism, it was not totally a reaction against Naturalism, and it had in itself some elements of Realism.
引文
Aron,Paul.Les 100 mots du symbolism[The 100 Terms of Symbolisme].Presses Universitaires de France,2011.
Baudelaire,Charles.“Le Gouffre[The Abyss].”?uvres complètes,tome 1[Completed Works,vol.1],éditépar Yves Florenne,Le Club fran?ais du livre,1966,p.997.
---.“La Chambre double[The Double Room].”?uvres complètes,tome 3[Complete Works,vol.3],éditépar Yves Florenne,Le Club fran?ais du livre,1966,pp.15-17.
---.“Mon Coeur mis a nu[My Heart Laid Bare].”?uvres complètes,tome 3[Complete Works,vol.3],éditépar Yves Florenne,Le Club fran?ais du livre,1966,pp.1255-1365.
---.“Le Poeme du Haschisch[The Poem of Hashish].”?uvres complètes,tome 3[Complete Works,vol.3],éditépar Yves Florenne,Le Club fran?ais du livre,1966,pp.133-74.
---.“Salon de 1859[Salon of 1859].”?uvres complètes,tome 3[Complete Works,vol.3],éditépar Yves Florenne,Le Club fran?ais du livre,1966,pp.361-438.
---.“Du Vin et du hachish[The Wine and the Hashish].”?uvres complètes,tome 1[Complete Works,vol.1],éditépar Yves Florenne,Le Club fran?ais du livre,1966,pp.484-504.
Campen,Cretien van.The Hidden Sense:Synesthesia in Art and Science.MIT,2007.
Delahaye, Ernest. Souvenirs familiersàpropos de Rimbaud[Familiar Memories about Rimbaud]. Messein,1925.
Gautier, Théophile.“Le Club des hachichins[The Club of Hashishes].” La Revue des deux mondes, tome. 13,février 1846, pp. 520-35.
柄谷行人:「日本近代文学の起源」。講談社,1988年。[Karatani, Kōjin. Origins of Modern Japanese Literature. Kōdansha, 1988.]
Knafo, Danielle.“The Senses Grow Skilled in Their Craving:Thoughts on Creativity and Addiction.” The Psychoanalytic Review, vol. 95, no. 4, Aug. 2008, pp. 571-95.
Laforgue, Jules. Mélanges posthumes[Posthumous Miscellanies]. Mercvre de france, 1923.
李从培、侯沂:《精神障碍的症状学》,《精神病学》,沈渔邨编。人民卫生出版社,1980年,第146 —181页。[Li Congpei and Hou Yi.“The Semiology of Psychogeny.” Psychiatry, edited by Shen Yucun, People’s Medical Publishing House, 1980, pp. 146-81.]
李国辉:《印度大麻与象征主义的通灵人诗学》。《浙江学刊》第42卷第2期,2019年3月,第37 —44页。[Li Guohui.“The Hashish and the Symbolist’s Voyant Poetics.” Zhejiang Academic Journal, vol. 42, no. 2,Mar. 2019, pp. 37-44.]
李建英:《以诗歌“改变生活”——博纳富瓦论兰波》。《外国文学评论》第29卷第3期,2015年8月,第209—220页。[Li Jianying,“‘Changing Life’ by Poetry—Yves Bonnefoy’s Remark on Rimbaud.” Foreign Literary Review,vol. 29, no. 3, Aug. 2015, pp. 209-20.]
Mallarmé, Stéphane. Correspondance complète:1862-1871[Complete Correspondence:1862-1871].Gallimard, 1995.
---.?uvres complètes[Complete Works]. Gallimard, 1945.
Marks, Lawrence E.“Synesthesia, Then and Now.” Sensory Blending:On Synaesthesia and Related Phenomena, edited by Ophelia Deroy, Oxford UP, 2017, pp. 13-44.
Michaux, Henri. Plume:Précédéde Lointain intérieur[Plume:Preceded by Distant Interior]. Gallimard,1963.
Milner, Max. L’Imaginaire des Drogues[The Imagination of Drugs]. Gallimard, 2000.
Novalis. Philosophical Writings. Translated by M. M. Stoljar, State U of New York P, 1997.
Peyre, Henri. What Is Symbolism? Translated by Emmett Parker, The U of Alabama P, 1980.
Poizat, Alfred. Le Symbolisme:De Baudelaire A Claudel[The Symbolism:From Baudelaire to Claudel]. La Renaisance du livre, 1919.
Rimbaud, Arthur.?uvres complètes[Complete Works]. Gallimard, 1972.
让—吕克·斯坦梅茨:《兰波传》。袁俊生译,上海人民出版社,2008年。[Steinmetz, Jean-Luc. Arthur Rimbaud. Translated by Yuan Junsheng, Shanghai People’s Publishing House,2008.]
Swedenborg, Emanuel. Heaven and Its Wonders and Hell. Translated by John. C. Ager, Swedenborg Foundation, 1995.
Wellek, René.“What Is Symbolism?” The Symbolist Movement in the Literature of European Languages,edited by Anna Balakian, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984, pp. 17-28.
