摘要
随着电网互联的不断发展,电力系统扰动传播现象越来越明显地呈现一种机械波的形式。若不能准确分析扰动在电网中的传播过程,进而制定相应的控制策略,极有可能引发连锁事故,严重时甚至可能引发大停电。而现有机电波框架结构模型基于逐级对称分布惯量的思路刻画扰动的时空传播特性,不利于准确描述实际电网的复杂性。针对这一问题,该文研究了扰动传播特性,以阐明网络结构和线路电抗的影响。进一步提出了以扰动传播路径为基础建立改进的框架结构模型的思想。推导了发电机惯量和电抗之间的关系函数,计及了线路电抗不对称对于惯量分配的影响。最后提出了基于非对称惯性分布的改进框架结构的机电波模型,通过使用BPA软件搭建了IEEE 14节点系统,验证了所提出机电波模型的准确性。
With development of power grid interconnections, disturbance propagation phenomena are increasingly apparent, taking the form of electromechanical waves. If analysis of disturbance process in power grid is inaccurate, corresponding control strategy cannot be formulated. This might cause cascading events and even large blackouts. However, existing frame structure model characterizes the spatiotemporal propagation of disturbances on the basis of symmetrical distribution of inertia, not conducive to accurately describing the complexity of actual power grid. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, the characteristics of disturbance propagation are analyzed to clarify the impact of network structure and line reactance. An improved framework structure model is established based on disturbance propagation path. Then, the relationship between generator inertia and reactance is deduced, taking into account the influence of line reactance asymmetry on inertia distribution. An electromechanical wave model of power systems is built based on the network frame structure. The proposed model is verified in IEEE 14 bus system through comparison using BPA software simulation.
引文
[1]张志强,徐友平,袁荣湘,等.大型互联区域电网解列后送端电网频率特性及高频切机方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):288-293.Zhang Zhiqiang,Xu Youping,Yuan Rongxiang,et al.Frequency characteristics of power grid at sending end of split large-scale interconnected regional power grid and corresponding over-frequency generator-tripping scheme[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):288-293(in Chinese).
[2]鄢发齐,赖宏毅,徐玮,等.多时间尺度的扰动控制标准及备用协调[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):901-906.Yan Faqi,Lai Hongyi,Xu Wei,et al.Multi time scale disturbance control standard and reserve capacity coordination[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):901-906(in Chinese).
[3]董新洲,曹润彬,王宾,等.印度大停电与继电保护的三大功能[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(2):19-25.Dong Xinzhou,Cao Runbin,Wang Bin,et al.India blackout and three functions of protective relay[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(2):19-25(in Chinese).
[4]刘自发,张在宝,杨滨,等.电网大停电社会综合损失评估[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2928-2938.Liu Zifa,Zhang Zaibao,Yang Bin,et al.Evaluation of great blackout social comprehensive loss of power grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2928-2938(in Chinese).
[5]李勇.强直弱交区域互联大电网运行控制技术与分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3756-3760.Li Yong.Technology and practice of the operation control of large power grid connected with weak AC area[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3756-3760(in Chinese).
[6]Zhong Z,Xu C,Billian B J,et al.Power system frequency monitoring network(FNET)implementation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1914-1921.
[7]Xu Y,Wen F,Ledwich G,et al.Electromechanical wave in power systems:theory and applications[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2014,2(2):163-172.
[8]毕天姝,刘灏,杨奇逊.PMU算法动态性能及其测试系统[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(1):62-67.Bi Tianshu,Liu Hao,Yang Qixun.Dynamic performance of PMUalgorithm and its testing system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(1):62-67(in Chinese).
[9]Semlyen A.Analysis of disturbance propagation in power systems based on a homogeneoue dynamic model[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1974,93(2):676-684.
[10]Cresap R,Hauer J.Emergence of a new swing mode in the western power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1981,PER-1(4):2037-2045.
[11]Thorp J S,Seyler C,Phadke A G.Electromechanical wave propagation in large electric power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2002,45(6):614-622.
[12]Parashar M.Continuum modeling of power networks[D].Cornell University,2003.
[13]王德林,郭成.电力系统连续体和离散模型中机电扰动传播的一致性研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(6):161-167.Wang Delin,Guo Cheng.Study on consistency of electromechanical disturbance propagation in continuum and discrete-models for power systems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(6):161-167(in Chinese).
[14]Parashar M,Thorp J S,Seyler C.Continuum modeling of electromechanical dynamics in large-scale power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Circuits and Systems,2004,51(9):1848-1858.
[15]Thomas A J,Mahajan S M.Electromechanical wave analysis through transient magnetic modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(9):2236-2343.
[16]Wang D L,Wang X R,Fang Y,et al.Study on dynamic characteristics of electromechanical wave in the continuum model for power system[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology.Chongqing,China:IEEE,2006:1-7.
[17]Wang D L,Wang X R,Thorp J.Study on electromechanical wave continuum model for power systems in mechanics[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,Montreal,Quebec,Canada:IEEE,2006:1-5.
[18]Wang D L,Wang X R.Analytical study on electromechanical wave propagation in a non-uniform continuum power system[C]//Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies,2008.Nanjing,China:DRPT,2008:1-5.
[19]Wang D L,Wang X R.Analysis on electromechanical disturbance propagation in a finite length uniform chain discrete power system[C]//Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference,2010.Chengdu,China:APPEEC,2010:1-4.
[20]Bi T S,Qin J D,Yan Y H,et al.An approach for estimating disturbance arrival time based on structural frame model[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2017,32(3):1741-1750.
[21]毕天姝,燕跃豪,杨奇逊.基于电网框架结构模型的机电波到达时间预测算法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(10):207-213.Bi Tianshu,Yan Yuehao,Yang Qixun.The prediction algorithm for the arrival time of electromechanical waves based on structural frame model of power networks[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(10):207-213(in Chinese).
[22]毕天姝,燕跃豪,杨奇逊.基于分段均匀介质模型的非均匀链式电网扰动传播机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(7):1088-1094.Bi Tianshu,Yan Yuehao,Yang Qixun.Disturbance propagation mechanism in non-uniform chained power networks based on sectionalized homogeneous medium model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,34(7):1088-1094(in Chinese).
