摘要
[背景]船舶噪声不仅影响船员正常工作和休息,严重时可导致永久性听力损失。[目的]本研究拟调查海上石油生产支持船舶作业人员噪声暴露状况及其对听力的影响,旨在为海上石油生产支持船舶作业制定噪声防控措施提供有效数据。[方法]于2017年对中国海洋石油总公司25艘三类海上石油生产支持船舶(包括4艘物探船、10艘安装船、11艘值守船)进行职业卫生现场调查和检测,结合454名船舶作业人员(包括机工150名、大管轮/二管轮/三管轮150名、水手长/水手154名)2017年的职业健康体检资料,分析作业人员噪声暴露水平及其听力状况。[结果]三类船舶的机工、大管轮/二管轮/三管轮暴露的噪声40 h等效声级为82.2～99.2 d B(A),水手长/水手噪声40 h等效声级为70.1～81.3 dB(A)。物探船、安装船不同工种作业工人40 h等效声级、双耳语频听阈、双耳高频听阈差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);值守船不同工种作业工人40 h等效声级、双耳高频听阈差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),但双耳语频听阈差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。经多重线性回归分析显示,职业性噪声暴露水平和工龄2个自变量对作业工人双耳语频听阈、双耳高频听阈的影响均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。[结论]不同工种的支持船舶作业人员的噪声暴露水平及听力状况存在差异。职业性噪声暴露水平、工龄可能是双耳语频听阈、双耳高频听阈的影响因素。
[Background] Ship noise may jeopardize the work routine and rest of the crew, and even result in permanent hearing impairment. [Objective] This study is conducted to investigate the noise exposure and its effects on hearing of crew on offshore support vessels for petroleum production, and provide data for formulating noise control measures for this occupation.[Methods] Twenty-five offshore support vessels(including 4 geophysical survey ships, 10 installation ships, and 11 stand-by ships) of China National Offshore Oil Corporation were selected for on-site occupational health investigation and detection in 2017. A total of 454 crew members(including 150 machinists, 150 second/third/fourth engineers, and 154 boatswains/sailors) were identified and their annual occupational health examination reports were retrieved to analyze occupational noise exposure level and hearing level.[Results] The 40-hour equivalent sound levels were 82.2-99.2 dB(A) for the machinists and engineers, and 70.1-81.3 dB(A) for the boatswains/sailors on three kinds of selected offshore support vessels. Significant differences in 40-hour equivalent sound level, binaural low-frequency hearing threshold, and binaural high-frequency hearing threshold were found among the three types of crew on both geophysical survey ships and installation ships(P < 0.05); on the stand-by ships, there were significant differences in 40-hour equivalent sound level and binaural high-frequency hearing threshold(P < 0.05), but not in binaural low-frequency hearing threshold(P > 0.05) among the three types of crew. By multiple linear regression analysis, occupational noise exposure level and working age were the two explanatory variables for binaural low-and high-frequency hearing thresholds(P < 0.05).[Conclusion] The crew at different posts on different types of offshore support vessels are exposed to varied noise levels and show varied hearing levels. Occupational noise exposure level and working age are the possible factors for binaural low-frequency and high-frequency hearing thresholds.
引文
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